Die Sauerstoffversorgung des menschlichen D�nndarmes im mechanischen Ileus

Thermann, M.; Jostarndt, L.; Eberhard, F.; Richter, H; Sass, W

doi:10.1007/bf01261291

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…These microhabitats are shaped by gradients that create ecological niches and determine both microbial structure and function (Figure 1A). For example, oxygen (Zheng et al, 2015;Thermann et al, 1985;Kelly and Colgan 2016;Schwerdtfeger et al, 2019) and antimicrobial concentrations decrease from the small intestine to the colon while bacterial load (Gu et al, 2013;Dieterich et al, 2018;Sender et al, 2016;Donaldson et al 2016), pH (Nugent et al, 2001;Ilhan et al, 2017), and transit time (Donaldson et al, 2016) increase, typically selecting for facultative or obligate anaerobes (Roediger 1980;Thursby and Juge 2017). Facultative anaerobes that are bile acid tolerant, such as Lactobacillaceae and Enterobacteriaceae, constitute a majority of the microflora in the small intestine (Zoetendal et al, 2012; Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis specifically decreases diversity of the gut microbiome and creates a nutrient niche vacuum that allows opportunistic pathogens to colonize and cause local infections (Dollive et al, 2013;Blaser and Falkow 2009;Chang et al, 2008).…”

Section: The Microbiome and Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen and Metabolism: Digesting Determinants of Antibiotic Susceptibility in the Gut

et al. 2020

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Summary Microbial metabolism is a major determinant of antibiotic susceptibility. Environmental conditions that modify metabolism, notably oxygen availability and redox potential, can directly fine-tune susceptibility to antibiotics. Despite this, relatively few studies have discussed these modifications within the gastrointestinal tract and their implication on in vivo drug activity and the off-target effects of antibiotics in the gut. In this review, we discuss the environmental and biogeographical complexity of the gastrointestinal tract in regard to oxygen availability and redox potential, addressing how the heterogeneity of gut microhabitats may modify antibiotic activity in vivo . We contextualize the current literature surrounding oxygen availability and antibiotic efficacy and discuss empirical treatments. We end by discussing predicted patterns of antibiotic activity in prominent microbiome taxa, given gut heterogeneity, oxygen availability, and polymicrobial interactions. We also propose additional work required to fully elucidate the role of oxygen metabolism on antibiotic susceptibility in the context of the gut.

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Section: The Microbiome and Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen and Metabolism: Digesting Determinants of Antibiotic Susceptibility in the Gut

et al. 2020

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“…Climbing rapidly across the intestinal wall, the oxygen concentration is ~6% (~42 mmHg) in the vascularized submucosa. The colonic muscle wall is the most well oxygenated region, with 7–10% (42–71 mmHg) oxygen concentrations [16]. Alterations in this oxygen gradient can lead to impacts on the composition of the gut microbiome both in vivo [17] and in vitro [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human colon function ex vivo: Dependence on oxygen and sensitivity to antibiotic

et al. 2019

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Background Human intestines contain a heterogeneous collection of cells that include immune, neural and epithelial elements interacting in a highly complex physiology that is challenging to maintain ex vivo. There is an extreme oxygen gradient across the intestinal wall due in part to microbiota in the lumen and close to the gut wall, which complicates the design of tissue culture systems. The current study established the use of an organotypic slice model of human intestinal tissue derived from colonoscopy biopsies to study host-microbial interactions after antibiotic treatment, and the influence of oxygen concentration on gut wall function. Methods Organotypic slices from human colon biopsies collected during routine colonoscopy provided three-dimensional environments that maintained cellular morphology ex vivo. Biopsy slices were used to study impacts of oxygen concentrations and antibiotic treatments on epithelial proliferation rates, and metabolites from tissue culture supernatants. Results Immune function was validated via demonstration of a T lymphocyte response to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Following 24 h of Salmonella exposure there was a significant increase in CD3 + T-lymphocytes in biopsy slices. Metabolite profiling of tissue culture supernatants validated the influence of antibiotic treatment under varied oxygen culture conditions on both host and microbiome-mediated metabolism. Epithelial health was influenced by oxygen and antibiotic. Increased epithelial proliferation was measured in lowered oxygen conditions (1% = 5.9 mmHg) compared to atmospheric conditions standard at 5000 feet above sea level in Colorado (~17% = 100 mmHg). Antibiotic treatment reduced epithelial proliferation only in 5.9 mmHg oxygen cultured slices. Conclusions A human colon organotypic slice model was established for applications ranging from gut epithelial proliferation to enteric pathogen influence on mucosal immune functions ex vivo. The results further support the need to account for oxygen concentration in primary tissue cultures, and that antibiotic use impacts gut-microbe-immune interactions.

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Designing multicellular intestinal systems

Schwerdtfeger

Tobet

2020

Precision Medicine for Investigators, Practitioners and Providers

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Die Sauerstoffversorgung des menschlichen D�nndarmes im mechanischen Ileus

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Oxygen and Metabolism: Digesting Determinants of Antibiotic Susceptibility in the Gut

Oxygen and Metabolism: Digesting Determinants of Antibiotic Susceptibility in the Gut

Human colon function ex vivo: Dependence on oxygen and sensitivity to antibiotic

Designing multicellular intestinal systems

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