Die Terrassen an der Seti Khola - Ein Beitrag zur quartären Morphogenese in Zentralnepal

Hörmann, Klaus

doi:10.3112/erdkunde.1974.03.01

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…During the LGP the Seti Khola glacier actually reached down to 1000 m asl up to the junction of the Seti-and Yamdi Khola (28°16' 20"N/83°57'30"E), 6 km further than Ghachok (Kuhle 1997a: 176). In contrast, Hormann (1974) explained that due to terraces the Seti Khola to a large extent was non-glaciated during the Ice Age. Kuhle describes the gravel terraces as Late Glacial gravel floors covering the LGP-ground moraines only superficially (Kuhle 1982e: 116-119, Photo 100,135, 1983.…”

Section: The Maximum Ice Age Glaciation Of High Asia After Kuhle 1974mentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical approach to methods of glacier reconstruction in high Asia and discussion of the probability of a Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) inland ice

Kuhle

2007

J. Mt. Sci.

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This overview discusses old and new results as to the controversy on the past glacier extension in High Asia, which has been debated for 35 years now. This paper makes an attempt to come closer to a solution. H.v. Wissmann's interpretation (1959) of a small-scale glaciation contrasts with M. Kuhle's reconstruction (1974) of a large-scale glaciation with a 2.4 million km² extended Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) inland glaciation and a Himalaya-Karakorum icestream network. Both opinions find support but also contradiction in the International and Chinese literature (Academia Sinica). The solution of this question is of supraregional importance because of the subtropical position of the concerned areas. In case of large albedo-intensive ice surfaces, a global cooling would be the energetical consequence and, furthermore, a breakdown of the summer monsoon. The current and interglacial heat-low above the very effective heating panel of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau exceeding 4000 m, which gives rise to this monsoon circulation, would be replaced by the cold-high of an inland ice. In addition, the plate-tectonically created Pleistocene history of the uplift of High Asia -should the occasion arise up to beyond the snowline (ELA) -would attain a paleoclimatically great, perhaps global importance. In case of a heavy superimposed ice load, the question would come up as to the glacio-isostatic interruption of this primary uplift. The production of the loesses sedimentated in NE-China and their very probable glacial genesis as well as an eustatic lowering of the sea-level by 5 to 7 m in the maximum case of glaciation are immediately tied up with the question of glaciation we want to discuss. Not the least, the problems of biotopes of the sanctuary-centres of flora and fauna, i.e., interglacial re-settlement, are also dependent on it. On the basis of this Quaternarygeomorphological-glaciological connection, future contributions are requested on the past glaciation, the current and glacial permafrost table and periglacial development, the history of uplift, and the development of Ice Age lakes and loess, but also on the development of vegetation and fauna in High Asia. 92The space available here for an overview as to the state of research of the glacier reconstruction in High Asia and a critical approach to the methods which have been applied, demands an exemplary evaluation of glacier research. To this naturally belongs a report on important positions with regard to an Ice Age glacier cover and their classification into the global Ice Age concept. As to the method as well as to the empirical findings, only prominent examples can be cited and discussed in place of a great number of individual publications. Accordingly, this has to be carried out exemplarily, so that methods and working techniques as well as research results that go beyond the local finding are introduced and discussed with regard to their correctness and importance.

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Section: The Maximum Ice Age Glaciation Of High Asia After Kuhle 1974mentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical approach to methods of glacier reconstruction in high Asia and discussion of the probability of a Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) inland ice

Kuhle

2007

J. Mt. Sci.

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“…The largest (∼ 3 × 10 9 m 3 ) is the breached Kalopani rockslide dam (Hormann, 1974;Fort, 2000;Fig. 1), which caused deposition of 1.5-3 × 10 9 m 3 of Late Pleistocene to Holocene alluvial, lacustrine, and mass-wasting sediments over 30 km upstream.…”

Section: Kalopani Rockslide Kali Gandaki River Nepalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), s = Sarpang Dhuri (scarp), → = direction of movement. Image based on original photo byHormann (1974).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluvial response to large rock-slope failures: Examples from the Himalayas, the Tien Shan, and the Southern Alps in New Zealand

2006

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“…Early investigations by Hagen (1969), Gurung (1970), and Sharma (1975) made a first report of occurrence of Quaternary river terraces in the Pokhara and adjacent areas. Hormann (1974) classified various terraces of the Pokhara valley. Fort (1976) made a short description of the Quaternary geology of the middle Kali Gandaki valley and noted three types of sedimentation basins in the Kali Gandaki valley.…”

Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological investigation of river terraces along the Modi Khola valley, Parbat district, western Nepal Lesser Himalaya

Lamsal

Sapkota

Bhandari

et al. 2017

Journal of Nepal Geological Society

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Fluvial terraces are remnants of the former floodplain of a stream or river. Wide river valley with spectacular terraces are the well-known places of the Himalaya because of their unique morphology and history of origin. The Modi Khola and Kali Gandaki valleys in west Nepal, Lesser Himalaya are characterized by a number of spectacular river terraces. In the present study, the river terraces along the Modi Khola valley were mapped at 1:25,000 scale and their lithological and sedimentological characteristics were investigated. The river terraces along the Modi Khola are distributed in at least three levels. They are named as Godam Formation (Higger Terrace), Badagaun Formation (Middle Terrace) and the Modibeni Formation (Lower Terrace). The Godam Formation is standing out at an elevation between 860 m and 1100 m. The upper surface of the terrace is extremely rugged with karstic features. The Godam Formation is characterized by matrix-supported, calcite cemented conglomerate with angular to sub-angular clasts of calcareous shale, laminated siliceous limestone and quartzite. The Badagaun Formation (Middle Terrace) is distributed at an altitude from 700 to 860 m on both sides of the Modi Khola valley. It is deeply weathered forming a very thick (almost 3-5 m) residual soil (mostly lateritic soil). Karst features such as caves and sink holes are common in this terrace. This formation is mainly composed of matrix-supported conglomerate with granule-, cobble- and boulder-sized clasts of calcareous shale, siliceous limestone and rarely quartzite. The Lower Terrace (Modibeni Formation) is fluvial deposit consisting of rounded and subrounded clast-supported conglomerate. Both the Upper and Middle Terraces have been interpreted as cohesive debris flow facies derived from the Annapurna Range. Presence of three levels of terraces indicates at least three phase of uplift in the area in the Holocene time. The debris flow deposit in the upper and Middle Terraces indicates catastrophic outbursts from natural dams or large rock-ice avalanches in the Annapurna Range triggered probably by megaearthquakes as in Pokhara valley as suggested by Schwanghart et al. (2015).

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Die Terrassen an der Seti Khola - Ein Beitrag zur quartären Morphogenese in Zentralnepal

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Critical approach to methods of glacier reconstruction in high Asia and discussion of the probability of a Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) inland ice

Critical approach to methods of glacier reconstruction in high Asia and discussion of the probability of a Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) inland ice

Fluvial response to large rock-slope failures: Examples from the Himalayas, the Tien Shan, and the Southern Alps in New Zealand

Geological investigation of river terraces along the Modi Khola valley, Parbat district, western Nepal Lesser Himalaya

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