Die Verbreitung des Marderhundes in Polen im Zusammenhang mit seiner Einbürgerung und Ausbreitung in Europa

Nowak, Eugeniusz; Pielowski, Zygmunt

doi:10.4098/at.arch.64-23

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…In the period from 1935 to 1984, raccoon dog has expanded its range at an average annual rate of 40 km and colonised 1.4 million square kilometres of Europe (Nowak 1984;Helle and Kauhala 1991). They first invaded Finland in 1935, reached Sweden in 1945-1946, then Romania in 1952, Poland in 1955, Slovakia in 1959, Germany and Hungary in 1961-1962and Norway in 1983(Nowak and Pielowski 1964Kauhala 1996). N. procyonoides is now abundant and common throughout Finland, Poland, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, the Ukraine, western Russia and Germany.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Going west—invasion genetics of the alien raccoon dog Nyctereutes procynoides in Europe

Pitra

Schwarz²,

Fickel

2009

Eur J Wildl Res

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The raccoon dog, a medium-sized carnivore, has long been recognised as a prominent example of an invasive alien species in Europe with a wide distribution, significant ecological impact and remarkable dynamics of spread at both national and continental scales. We conducted a study of genetic diversity of 73 individuals collected at 20 sites across North and Central Europe to (1) identify major phylogenetic lineages and (2) elucidate spatial patterns of population genetic structure. Reconstructed phylogenies reveal two major clades differing on average by Tamura-Nei corrected distance of 3.4% for a 599-bp segment of the mitochondrial control region corresponding to a coalescence time of approximately 457,800 years ago (95% CI, 223,300-773,900). Many expectations based on introduction history, such as the presence of signatures of repeated founder effects and subsequently rapid population expansion, were not confirmed by our demographic analyses, probably due to an insufficient amount of time since translocations. Nevertheless, global F ST =13.9% and landscape approaches provided evidence for weak population genetic structure that followed a pattern of isolation by distance. Finally, we found no congruence between previously reported morphological differentiation and the sorting of mtDNA variation. We therefore conclude that an exceptional combination of factors including multiple translocations, secondary contact and admixture of divergent matrilineages, as well as natural processes of colonisation associated with a wide ecological tolerance, promoted the successful spread of the raccoon dog into Europe.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Going west—invasion genetics of the alien raccoon dog Nyctereutes procynoides in Europe

Pitra

Schwarz²,

Fickel

2009

Eur J Wildl Res

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“…By the 1980s, raccoon dogs had colonized over 1.4 million square kilometers of Europe (Nowak 1973;Nowak and Pielowski 1964;Kauhala and Saeki 2004a) and in many areas they became the most numerous carnivores (Jędrzejewska and Jędrzejewski 1998;Sidorovich et al 2000;. They colonized Białowieża Primeval Forest from the east and were first recorded in the early 1950s (Dehnel 1956;Bunevich and Dackevich 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides is a mediumsized carnivore, which spread over eastern, central, and northern Europe after its introduction from eastern Asia to the European part of the former Soviet Union in 1920s-1950s (Nowak and Pielowski 1964). By the 1980s, raccoon dogs had colonized over 1.4 million square kilometers of Europe (Nowak 1973;Nowak and Pielowski 1964;Kauhala and Saeki 2004a) and in many areas they became the most numerous carnivores (Jędrzejewska and Jędrzejewski 1998;Sidorovich et al 2000;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation to cold and predation—shelter use by invasive raccoon dogs Nyctereutes procyonoides in Białowieża Primeval Forest (Poland)

Kowalczyk

Zalewski

2010

Eur J Wildl Res

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Based on radio-tracking of raccoon dogs Nyctereutes procyonoides in Białowieża Primeval Forest (E Poland) in 1997-2002, we addressed the hypothesis that pattern of shelter use by this invasive carnivore is an adaptation to both climatic conditions and predation. Raccoon dogs used various types of shelters but were invariably concealed in dense vegetation or in the shelters created by trunks, branches, or roots of fallen trees (58% of days). Burrows (mainly badger setts) and hollow trees (mainly fallen limes) were selected on 27% and 14% of days, respectively. The pattern of shelter use varied throughout the year. In crucial periods (breeding period and winter), raccoon dogs used shelter offering better protection: burrows and hollow trees (use of which increased with decreasing ambient temperature) in winter, and hollow trees and dense vegetation during breeding and raising pups. The pattern of shelter use by raccoon dogs was also strongly modified by forest structure. Raccoon dogs living in the pristine old-growth stands (with large amounts of dead wood) utilized mainly natural shelters created by fallen trees (trunks, branches, and roots) and sedge tussocks (38% and 37%, respectively). Individuals inhabiting the managed part of the Forest used mainly burrows (43%) and thicket (23%). We recorded very strong monogamous relationships between pair mates, manifested by shared resting on 84% of days per year. We conclude that hiding behavior and plasticity in shelter use is a response to high mortality due to predation and to unfavorable climatic conditions. High adaptability to various environmental conditions may be one of the factors underlying successful range expansion of raccoon dogs in Europe.

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“…Prolonged effects of these factors on the overcrowded forest populations resulted in permanent living of some roe-deer in field habitats. Hence the spreading of the field roe-deer in Poland has a different course in comparison with typically expansive species such as Nyctereutes procionoides (Nowak & Pielowski, 1964) or raven (D o b r o w o 1 s k i et al 1972).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The occurrence and distribution of field ecotype of roe-deer in Poland

Szteyn¹

1974

Acta Theriol.

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On the basis of inquiries the analysis of distribution and numbers of »field« roe-deer was carried out followed by drawing a map of its occurrence in Poland. It was found that in the years 1966-1970 approximately 30 thousand of field roe-deer lived in the whole area of the country. The relationship between the occurrence of the field ecotype of roe-deer and such factors as forestage, agriculture and climate was established. I. INTRODUCTIONEnvironmental changes caused by the activity of man reduce or even totally eliminate the occurrence of several animal species. On the other hand, some species find almost ideal conditions of life in the altered environment (Szczerbiński, 1964). The roe-deer belong to the latter species as witnessed by a considerable increase in their number in forests (Pielowski, 1970), and by taking into possession new habitats such as cultivated fields. The augmented number of these animals is directly related to the formation of cultured landscape since in the primeval conditions the roe-deer occurred rarely (Muller-Using, 1957, 1962Szczerbiński, 1964).The accurate data on the field ecotype of the roe-deer are lacking in Polish literature. The roe-deer living in the fields of Poznań and Lwów provinces are mentioned by Schechtel (1929). On the other hand, Meisnerowski (1959) and Pielowski (1970) have already distinguished two principal ecotypes: »forest« and »field« roe-deer. They differ in several traits and characteristics, but mainly in the site of living (Pielowski, 1970

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Die Verbreitung des Marderhundes in Polen im Zusammenhang mit seiner Einbürgerung und Ausbreitung in Europa

Abstract: III. E inbürgerung des M arderhundes im europäischen T eil der S o w jetu n ion 83 IV. V erb reitu n g und Q u an titätsd yn am ik des M arderhundes in P olen. . 88 V. A u sb reitu n g des M arderhundes in E u r o p a ..

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Going west—invasion genetics of the alien raccoon dog Nyctereutes procynoides in Europe

Going west—invasion genetics of the alien raccoon dog Nyctereutes procynoides in Europe

Adaptation to cold and predation—shelter use by invasive raccoon dogs Nyctereutes procyonoides in Białowieża Primeval Forest (Poland)

The occurrence and distribution of field ecotype of roe-deer in Poland

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