Die Verwertung reiner Nährstoffe

Hoffmann, L.; Schiemann, R.; Nehring, K.

doi:10.1080/17450396109436621

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Its digestibility has been taken as 90%. This is based on the digestibility of various oils at between 80 and 96 % as found in experiments by Paul & McCay (1942) and in several studies quoted by Hoffmann, Schiemann & Nehring (1962). The starch equivalent value of digestible oil has been taken at 2-3 times its weight (Kellner, 1926).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The starch equivalent value of digestible oil has been taken at 2-3 times its weight (Kellner, 1926). Hoffmann et al (1962) expressed reservations about the size of this factor but did not revise it. Based on these values 150 ml.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The addition of oil to the diet in large amounts is likely to reduce the digestibility of other nutrients Effect of cod-liver oil on growth of heifers 231 (Hoffmann et al 1962). The effects of small amounts of oil are likely to be much less (Nicholson, Cunningham & Friend (19626), and they have been ignored here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of the addition of large amounts of cod-liver oil to the rations of yearling heifers on their rate of live-weight gain

Broster¹

1965

J. Agric. Sci.

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1. Groups of twenty-four heifers were used in three experiments lasting 51–98 days. The effect on rate of live-weight gain of the addition of 150 ml. cod-liver oil to the daily ration was studied.2. The same treatments were used in each experiment: a basal diet consisting of hay and concentrates and two experimental diets consisting of the basal diet plus (a) 3 lb. concentrates, (b) 150 ml. (0·30 lb.) cod-liver oil. In one experiment flaked maize was used in the concentrates in place of crushed barley.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of the addition of large amounts of cod-liver oil to the rations of yearling heifers on their rate of live-weight gain

Broster¹

1965

J. Agric. Sci.

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“…Values predicted from the equation are given in Table 10. Hoffmann, Schiemann & Nehring (1962) gave pure starch to oxen in a number of experiments and found it to have a mean metabolizability of 0-868 and that its metabolizable energy was utilized with an efficiency of 0-641 ± 0-017 for fattening. For a fibre-free diet with a metabolizability of 0-868 the above equation predicts an efficiency of 0 • 641, which is precisely the same.…”

Section: Growth and Fatteningmentioning

confidence: 99%

The estimation of the nutritive value of feeds as energy sources for ruminants and the derivation of feeding systems

Blaxter¹,

Boyne²

1978

J. Agric. Sci.

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The results of 80 calorimetric experiments with sheep and cattle, mostly conducted in Scotland, were analysed using a generalization of the Mitscherlich equationwhere R is daily energy retention and G daily gross energy intake, both scaled by dividing by the fasting metabolism. The relations between gross energy and metabolizable energy were also examined. Methods of fitting the Mitscherlich equation and the errors associated with it are presented. It is shown that the gross energy of the organic matter of feed can be estimated from proximate principles with an error of ± 2-3 % (coefficient of variation) and that provided different classes of feed are distinguished, the metabolizable energy of organic matter can be estimated from gross energy and crude fibre content with an error of ±6-9%. Parameters of the primary equation made with cattle agreed with those made with sheep and there was no evidence of non-proportionality of responses on substitution of feeds in mixtures.The efficiency of utilization of gross energy for maintenance and for body gain of energy was related to the metabolizability of gross energy and, in addition, to fibre or to protein content. Prediction equations are presented which describe these relationships.It is shown that the primary equation can be manipulated to express a number of biological concepts and that its two parameters B and p can be simply derived from estimates of the two efficiency terms for maintenance and production.The results are discussed in relation to the design of feeding systems for ruminant animals and to the derivation of optima in their feeding.TNTTt ODTTPTTOW energy for maintenance, k m , varied with the quality J. 1M l H W U^l l U a o f ^^ d . e t from a b o u t Q 6 Q t Q Q ^g T h e g l o p e o f t h eThe relationship between the rate of feed intake equation above maintenance, called the efficiency by a growing or fattening ruminant and the rate at of utilization of metabolizable energy for fattening, which it retains energy in its body is curvilinear. k f , varied more with quality of the diet than did Successive increments of daily intake result in k m , ranging from O2 to 0-6. progressively smaller increments in daily energyIn an attempt to devise a feeding system based on retention. Blaxter & Graham (1955) showed that these relationships Blaxter (1962) had to introduce this relationship could be described by a simple a component to accommodate the decline in proexponential equation and during the next few years portional retention of the gross energy of the feed it was shown that no great error was involved if the as the amount ingested each day was increased. This relationship between daily rate of energy retention term, the feeding level correction, in effect introand rate of feed intake expressed as metabolizable duced a curvilinearity to the system above mainenergy was approximated by two straight lines tenance and it then approximated closely to the intersecting at zero energy retention, that is at underlying continuous curvilinear function. This energy...

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“…Hoffmann et al 9 found that arachis oil increased methane production by cattle and sheep in the rumen. A considerable number of further experiments have been carried out on the fate of vegetable oil or fatty acids in the ruminant and their effect on the utilisation of dietary energy by ruminants.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of arachis oil on the conservation of heavily wilted herbage ensiled in plastic containers I.—Effect on silage fermentation quality, nutritive value, nutrient losses and intake by sheep

Jackson

1971

J Sci Food Agric

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Arachis oil was added to heavily wilted herbage of approximately 40 dry matter, bejore ensiling in polyethylene containers. The oil was added at a mean level of 4 9 16% of the total dry matter ensiled. The mean dry matter loss from the two control and the two oil-treated silages was approximately 13%. There was a lower loss as inedible waste in the oil-treated silages and mould growth appeared to be inhibited by the oil. There was a lower percentage of butyric acid and propionic acid in the oil-treated silages than in the control silages, this effect being statistically significant. Ensiling resulted in a greater fall in digestibility of the control material than in the oil-treated material. The oil-treated silages had higher metabolisable energy contents than the control silages but the dry matter intakes o,f both silages by sheep were low.Introduction THE conservation of grass as silage has several major disadvantages. The high dry matter losses are perhaps the greatest disadvantage, and in recent years it has been shown that the use of synthetic films to exclude air will greatly decrease the dry matter losses from the sil0.l-7 Also, the digestible energy content of silage is commonly fairly low. In a previous experiment8 it was found that silage produced by the addition of 4.9% arachis oil (on a dry matter basis) to wilted grass, had a higher metabolisable energy ( M E ) than control silage, and that the silage produced was of satisfactory quality and readily eaten by dairy cows and bullocks. The results suggested that there was no appreciable change in the composition of the fatty acids present in the arachis oil while the material was in the silos.Hoffmann et al.9 found that arachis oil increased methane production by cattle and sheep in the rumen. A considerable number of further experiments have been carried out on the fate of vegetable oil or fatty acids in the ruminant and their effect on the utilisation of dietary energy by ruminants.10-17 These latter experiments have shown that dietary or infused linseed oil or fatty acids led to a marked reduction in the production of methane, the effect being greater with unsaturated than with saturated fatty acids. Czerkawski ef aI.lo found that when fatty acids were infused into the rumen, the reduction in energy loss as methane was greater than the incfeased loss of energy in the faeces with the result that the ME of the fatty acids was 104% of their heat of combustion. Their results and their reinterpretation of the results of other workers, some of whom used arachis oil,gJS led them to conclude that long-chain fatty acids arising from lipids, when absorbed by ruminants, are utilised with an efficiency much the same as that found in non-ruminant animals, i.e. about 80%, and retained by the body as fat. This suggested that the fatty acids, once absorbed, were not broken down to any appreciable extent, but were incorporated directly into the lipids of the tissues.The results of the above investigations, mainly published since the results of the original experiment...

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Die Verwertung reiner Nährstoffe

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

The effect of the addition of large amounts of cod-liver oil to the rations of yearling heifers on their rate of live-weight gain

The effect of the addition of large amounts of cod-liver oil to the rations of yearling heifers on their rate of live-weight gain

The estimation of the nutritive value of feeds as energy sources for ruminants and the derivation of feeding systems

Effect of arachis oil on the conservation of heavily wilted herbage ensiled in plastic containers I.—Effect on silage fermentation quality, nutritive value, nutrient losses and intake by sheep

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