Diel, seasonal and ontogenetic variations in the vertical distributions of four marine copepods

Falkenhaug, Tone; Tande, KS; Semenova, T. N.

doi:10.3354/meps149105

Cited by 83 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…We consider that this inaccuracy would not influence our sampling and would not affect results, because our study took place in spring when all the taxa that could possibly exhibit such a behaviour were higher in the water column as a result of seasonal ontogenetic migration towards the surface for reproduction. Recently, some studies revealed that vertical migration can occur in some taxa on much smaller amplitudes (Falkenhaug et al 1997). If this would be the case, our sampling design did not allow us to detect such a behaviour.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Arctic zooplankton do not perform diel vertical migration (DVM) during periods of midnight sun

Błachowiak‐Samołyk¹,

Kwaśniewski²,

Richardson³

et al. 2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

103

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Diel vertical distribution patterns of dominant zooplankton taxa were studied during a period of midnight sun (May 1999) in the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ) of the Barents Sea along 2 transects across the ice edge. Eight stations were sampled every 6 h over 24 h at 5 depth intervals. Our study confirmed that copepod nauplii (most probably Calanus hyperboreus and C. glacialis) together with Pseudocalanus spp. preferred the surface water layer. The herbivores C. finmarchicus, C. glacialis, and C. hyperboreus concentrated in the upper 50 m depth interval, whereas the omnivores Metridia longa and Microcalanus spp. were generally found in deeper waters. As a result of vertical distribution patterns of the numerically abundant taxa, a bulk of zooplankton was concentrated within the 0-50 m layer. Vertical distribution patterns of all examined taxa/groups varied in time as a result of habitat changes (with respect to water mass distribution and sea depth) as well as random patchiness. Based on our data and on a comprehensive literature survey on Arctic zooplankton diel vertical migration (DVM), we postulate that common zooplankton taxa in the MIZ of the Barents Sea do not perform DVM under the midnight sun. Arctic C. glacialis in May 1999 occupied deeper layers at stations with more ice cover and less melt water. This distribution pattern was probably related to the species' reproduction. At the same time, Atlantic C. finmarchicus was concentrated further away from the ice edge and chlorophyll a maximum, and presumably had not begun its seasonal reproduction. KEY WORDS: Zooplankton · Calanus · Diel vertical migration (DVM) · Marginal Ice Zone · Barents SeaResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Arctic zooplankton do not perform diel vertical migration (DVM) during periods of midnight sun

Błachowiak‐Samołyk¹,

Kwaśniewski²,

Richardson³

et al. 2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

103

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“…Because vertical positioning within the upper water can have large effects on drift trajectories (67), we released particles at three different depths. However, although C. finmarchicus is mainly confined to the upper 50 m in spring, older stages (CIV-CVI) might have a deeper distribution, in particular after June when descent to overwintering begins (68). Focusing on the upper water layer might underestimate observed biomass in the statistical analysis, in particular toward the end of the summer survey.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Disentangling the mechanisms behind climate effects on zooplankton

Kvile

Langangen

Prokopchuk

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Understanding how climate influences ecosystems is complicated by the many correlated and interrelated impacting factors. Here we quantify climate effects on Calanus finmarchicus in the northeastern Norwegian Sea and southwestern Barents Sea. By combining oceanographic drift models and statistical analyses of field data from 1959 to 1993 and investigating effects across trophic levels, we are able to elucidate pathways by which climate influences zooplankton. The results show that both chlorophyll biomass in spring and C. finmarchicus biomass in summer relate positively to a combination of shallow mixed layer depth and increased wind in spring, suggesting that C. finmarchicus biomass in summer is influenced by bottom-up effects of food availability. Furthermore, spatially resolved C. finmarchicus biomass in summer is linked to favorable transport from warmer, core areas to the south. However, increased mean temperature in spring does not lead to increased C. finmarchicus biomass in summer. Rather, spring biomass is generally higher, but population growth from spring to summer is lower, after a warm compared with a cold spring. Our study illustrates how improved understanding of climate effects can be obtained when different datasets and different methods are combined in a unified approach. responses in zooplankton phenology, distribution, abundance, and composition (1, 2), but the controlling mechanisms behind the associations are often elusive. For example, a change in temperature might directly affect zooplankton physiology (3) or indirectly influence zooplankton through effects on their prey (4) or ecosystem trophic structure (5). To make realistic projections of climate effects on marine ecosystems, there is a need for improved understanding of the mechanisms by which climate affects the different trophic levels.The Atlantic waters of the Norwegian Sea-Barents Sea (NS-BS) host a highly productive ecosystem including several large fish stocks of high socioeconomic importance (6). The area experienced increased water temperatures during the past decades (7) and is, like other high-latitude regions, predicted to warm substantially throughout the 21st century (8). Climate simulations further suggest globally increased ocean stratification, accompanied by decreased primary production in temperate regions but increased primary production in the subarctic (including the Barents Sea) (9, 10).Calanus finmarchicus dominates mesozooplankton biomass and is an important predator on phytoplankton throughout the North Atlantic (11, 12). In the NS-BS, young stages of C. finmarchicus are preyed upon by larvae of demersal fish, and older stages are preyed upon by various pelagic stocks (12, 13). Several studies have indicated that C. finmarchicus in the NS-BS is top-down controlled, particularly by Barents Sea capelin (14-16) and Norwegian spring spawning herring (17, 18). Consistent effects of climate or food availability have on the other hand rarely been demonstrated in situ (19-21).Investigating environmental effects on z...

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“…Ontogenic differences in DVM have been previously reported for C. pacificus in mesocosm experiments (Huntley & Brooks 1982) and in the field (Osgood & Frost 1994), C. finmarchicus in Scottish lochs and the Norwegian Sea (Nicholls 1933, Marshall & Orr 1955, Dale & Kaartvedt 2000, Metridia lucens in different areas (Osgood & Frost 1994, Hays et al 1995, Falkenhaugh et al 1997, Timonen 1997, and for Neocalanus gracilis, Pleuromamma abdominalis and Euchaeta acuta in the Mediterranean (Andersen et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible diel vertical migration behaviour of zooplankton in the Irish Sea

Irigoien¹,

Conway²,

Harris³

2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The diel vertical migration (DVM) of the whole plankton community was investigated in the central and coastal Irish Sea. Generally, more than 60% of the plankton did not perform significant DVM. A correlation analysis of the weighted mean depths of different organisms and their potential predators suggested relationships between 2 groups: Oithona spp., copepod nauplii and fish larvae, and Calanus spp., Pseudocalanus elongatus and chaetognaths (Sagitta spp.). Organisms showing significant DVM were chaetognaths (Sagitta spp.), Calanus spp. and P. elongatus. Calanus spp. showed clear ontogenic variations in DVM and, along with P. elongatus, demonstrated great flexibility in both the amplitude and direction of migration. P. elongatus did not migrate in the coastal area and Calanus spp. showed a clear reverse migration. The direction of migration appeared to be related to the vertical position of the chaetognaths in the water column during the day.

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Diel, seasonal and ontogenetic variations in the vertical distributions of four marine copepods

Cited by 83 publications

References 20 publications

Arctic zooplankton do not perform diel vertical migration (DVM) during periods of midnight sun

Arctic zooplankton do not perform diel vertical migration (DVM) during periods of midnight sun

Disentangling the mechanisms behind climate effects on zooplankton

Flexible diel vertical migration behaviour of zooplankton in the Irish Sea

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