Diel vertical migration arising in a habitat selection game

Sainmont, Julie; Thygesen, Uffe Høgsbro; Visser, André W.

doi:10.1007/s12080-012-0174-0

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This is in accordance with the predator avoidance hypothesis suggesting that DVM is a beneficial strategy for zooplankton only when reduced predation risk counterbalances lost feeding opportunities. For example, using a game theory approach played between grazers and visual predators, Sainmont et al (2013) showed that DVM is an emergent strategy when the losses due to predation are higher than the gain provided by extra feeding during daylight hours, which is also found in our study.…”

Section: Dvm Strategies Of Zooplankton In Disko Baysupporting

confidence: 86%

Inter- and intra-specific diurnal habitat selection of zooplankton during the spring bloom observed by Video Plankton Recorder

et al. 2014

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during night and down during day). Migration behavior was expressed differently among the abundant groups with either a strong DVM (euphausiids), an absence of DVM (i.e., permanently deep; ostracods) or a marked DVM, driven by strong surface avoidance during the day and more variable depth preferences at night (Calanus spp.). The precise individual depth position provided by the VPr allowed us to conclude that the escape from surface waters during daytime reduces feeding opportunities but also lowers the risk of predation (by reducing the light exposure) and thereby is likely to influence both state (hunger, weight and stage) and survival. The results suggest that the copepods select day and night time habitats with similar light levels (~10 −9 μmol photon s −1 m −2 ). Furthermore, Calanus spp. displayed state-dependent behavior, with DVM most apparent for smaller individuals, and a deeper residence depth for the larger individuals.Abstract Diel vertical migration (DVM) is a common behavior adopted by zooplankton species. DVM is a prominent adaptation for avoiding visual predation during daylight hours and still being able to feed on surface phytoplankton blooms during night. Here, we report on a DVM study using a Video Plankton recorder (VPr), a tool that allows mapping of vertical zooplankton distributions with a far greater spatial resolution than conventional zooplankton nets. The study took place over a full day-night cycle in Disko Bay, greenland, during the peak of the phytoplankton spring bloom. The sampling revealed a large abundance of copepods performing DVM (up Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

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Section: Dvm Strategies Of Zooplankton In Disko Baysupporting

confidence: 86%

Inter- and intra-specific diurnal habitat selection of zooplankton during the spring bloom observed by Video Plankton Recorder

et al. 2014

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“…Two different theoretical approaches have been used to model DVM. Some models are based on some elements of game theory where organisms choose between different strategies based on a payoff matrix (Gabriel & Thomas, 1988;Sainmont et al, 2013). The other type of models assumes that migrating organisms should maximize some fitness function such as reproduction or the ratio of energy gain over mortality (De Robertis, 2002;Enright, 1977;Fiksen & Carlotti, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Potential Impacts of the Diurnal Vertical Migration by Marine Organisms on Marine Biogeochemistry

Aumont

Maury

Lefort

et al. 2018

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

115

107

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Diurnal vertical migration (DVM) of marine organisms is an ubiquitous phenomenon in the ocean that generates an active vertical transport of organic matter. However, the magnitude and consequences of this flux are largely unknown and are currently overlooked in ocean biogeochemical models. Here we present a global model of pelagic ecosystems based on the ocean biogeochemical model NEMO‐PISCES that is fully coupled to the upper trophic levels model Apex Predators ECOSystem Model, which includes an explicit description of migrating organisms. Evaluation of the model behavior proved to be challenging due to the scarcity of suitable observations. Nevertheless, the model appears to be able to simulate approximately both the migration depth and the relative biomass of migrating organisms. About one third of the epipelagic biomass is predicted to perform DVM. The flux of carbon driven by DVM is estimated to be 1.05 ± 0.15 PgC/year, about 18% of the passive flux of carbon due to sinking particles at 150 m. Comparison with local studies suggests that the model captures the correct magnitude of this flux. Oxygen is decreased in the mesopelagic domain by about 5 mmol m−3 relative to simulations of an ocean without DVM. Our study concludes that DVM drives a significant and very efficient flux of carbon to the mesopelagic domain, similar in magnitude to the transport of DOC. Relative to a model run without DVM, the consequences of this flux seem to be quite modest on oxygen, due to compensating effects between DVM and passive fluxes.

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“…In ecology, game theory has been widely used to describe everything from sex ratios (Fisher 1930;Maynard Smith 1976) to distribution of competitors (Sih 1998;Cressman et al 2004) and social arrangements (Reeve and Holldobler 2007). In this work, we extend the predator-prey game from a two-habitat arena (Iwasa 1982;Gabriel and Thomas 1988;Sainmont et al 2013) into a multiple-habitat arena in which prey and predators can adjust their position in a water column divided into several layers and are not obliged to simply choose between the surface and some deep habitat. This radically increases the number of potential competing strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predator-Prey Games in Multiple Habitats Reveal Mixed Strategies in Diel Vertical Migration

Pinti

Visser

2019

The American Naturalist

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Online enhancements: appendix. Dryad data: http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.19n37d1.abstract: Prey and predators continuously react to each other and to their environment, adjusting their behavior to maximize their fitness. In a pelagic environment, organisms can optimize their fitness by performing diel vertical migrations. We applied a game-theoretic approach to investigate the emergent patterns of optimal habitat selection strategies in a multiple-habitat arena. Our setup allows both players to choose their position at day and at night in the water column. The model reproduces features of vertical migrations observed in nature, including residency at depth or at the surface, vertical migrations, mixed strategies, and bimodal distributions within a population. The mixed strategies appear as a consequence of frequencydependent processes and not of any intraspecies difference between individuals. The model also reveals a curious feature where natural selection on individuals can provoke distinct regime shifts and precipitate an irreversible collapse in fitness. In the case presented here, the increasing voracity of the predator triggers a behavioral shift in the prey, reducing the fitness of all members of the predator population.

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Diel vertical migration arising in a habitat selection game

Cited by 30 publications

References 51 publications

Inter- and intra-specific diurnal habitat selection of zooplankton during the spring bloom observed by Video Plankton Recorder

Inter- and intra-specific diurnal habitat selection of zooplankton during the spring bloom observed by Video Plankton Recorder

Evaluating the Potential Impacts of the Diurnal Vertical Migration by Marine Organisms on Marine Biogeochemistry

Predator-Prey Games in Multiple Habitats Reveal Mixed Strategies in Diel Vertical Migration

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