Dielectric and E.P.R. studies of Mn-doped barium titanate

Defect structure of oxide ferroelectrics—valence state, site of incorporation, mechanisms of charge compensation and internal bias fields

“…Mn Ti + e Mn Ti (8) The produced electrons are preferentially trapped on the manganese sites because the Mn × Ti and Mn Ti ions are more reducible than the regular Ti × Ti ions [63]. By monitoring the manganese functional center in BaTiO 3 , EPR was used to account for explaining the degradation of resistivity by developing a model in which the macroscopically observed phenomena were described by means of an injection of oxygen vacancies from the anode, accompanied by a reduction of the manganese valence, forming Mn Ti centers by the degradation process [64].…”

Dielectric properties of Mg-doped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 ceramics prepared by using sol–gel derived powders

“…The value of unite cell parameter initially decreases and then increases when y up to 0.20. At y ≤ 0.10, the lattice parameter of Mg-doped Ba 0.60 Sr 0.40 TiO 3 ceramics decreases with increasing y, all of which is smaller than that of pure Ba 0.60 Sr 0.40 TiO 3 (3.9650 Å) [14]. Considering the difference of charge and ionic radius among Ba 2+ /Sr 2+ , Ti 4+ and Mg 2+ ions, Mg 2+ ions can occupy both A-and B-site of BST lattice.…”

Synthesis of fine-crystalline Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3–MgO ceramics by novel hybrid processing route

“…A common practice to amend these deficiencies is a modification of the single-phase crystalline BST ceramic by doping [4]. In fact, MgO-doped BST ceramics have been investigated and MgO has been proven to be an effective dopant for the mitigation of the temperature dependence of dielectric constant and loss in BST ceramic and thin film [5][6][7][8][9][10].…”