Lin et al. evaluated the cell compatibility and antibacterial activity of bacterial cellulose-chitosan (BC-CS) membranes in vitro. [6] BC is widely used in antibacterial aspects. Wu et al. proposed a preparation method of slow-released antimicrobial wound dressing. [7] Common antibacterial agents for improving BC include benzalkonium chloride, [8] copper, silver, ZnO nanoparticles, sulfadiazine silver, [9] polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMB), [10] sericin, CS, propolis, [11] and so on. Recently, some researchers were interested in sericin. Napavichayanun et al. [12] combined sericin with PHMB to develop a dressing that was beneficial to the wound. The modified cotton fabric prepared by Doakhan et al. using sericin and nano-TiO 2 had well antibacterial activity and durability. [13] Maneerung et al. used a chemical reduction method to prepare BC antibacterial wound dressings containing silver nanoparticles. [14] CS was obtained by deacetylation of chitin, which was the most abundant naturally occurring biopolymer after cellulose. [15] CS is considered to be a promising biomedical material because of its good biocompatibility, rich functional groups, nontoxicity, degradability, and antibacterial properties. Although CS and BC had such significant advantages, related studies had shown that they were rarely used alone. The reason was that the hydrogels formed by CS had low mechanical strength [16] such as poor flexibility and low ability to elongate and the BC hydrogels itself did not have antibacterial properties. [17,18] CS could be combined with other biopolymers to improve properties. Wu et al. [19] enhanced the mechanical strength of CS by adding oxidized chitin nanocrystals to the CS film. To the best of our knowledge, zinc oxide had not been reported in CS and BC composite hydrogels. Some studies only considered a single factor, which leaded to some inevitable defects. For example, the composite hydrogels were formed by using BC and CS, but the antibacterial property was low due to partial reaction of the amino group on the CS. For example, Liang et al. found that the antimicrobial efficiency of composite films against Escherichia coli was reduced. [20] On the other hand, excessive zinc oxide can cause severe cytotoxicity. Vandebriel et al. suggested that zinc oxide nanoparticles may be cytotoxic In this work, a kind of novel antibacterial and biocompatible composite hydrogels composed of zinc oxide, bacterial cellulose (BC), and chitosan (CS) are prepared via immersing the oxidized BC hydrogels in CS solution and then combining zinc oxide in alkaline environment. The structure and properties of the composite hydrogels are characterized by different techniques. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction prove the successful preparation of composite hydrogels. Scanning electron microscopy is used to study the microscopic morphology of hydrogels. The results show that the zinc oxide particles are successfully attached to the bacterial cellulose. From the results of t...