Dielectric heating‐assisted disinfestation of black gram and its effect on protein profile: A comparative study on radio frequency and microwave heating

Abstract

Pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus, is the major pest infesting in the stored legumes. The present study is aimed to evaluate the comparative efficacy of radio frequency (RF) and microwave (MW) heating treatments to eradicate the problem of infestation at all four life stages in blackgram (Vigna mungo). Infested blackgram kernels in a single egg, larvae, pupae, and adult stage were subjected to RF and MW irradiation at 180-, 190-, 200-, and 210-mm electrode heights for RF and at 365, 295, 250, and 230 W MW power. The lethal time for 99.99% mortality (LT 99.99 ) was found to be 3.62 to 8.23 min for the egg stage, 4.70 to 7.27 min for larvae, and 7.10 to 8.96 min for pupae, and 5.40 to 7.73 min for adults. For MW heating treatment, the time for complete mortality of the single egg stage, larvae, pupae, and adult was found to be in the range of 5.33 to 7.83, 8.28 to 9.82, 8.87 to 10.68, and 8.86 to 10.18 min, respectively. The pupa stage was found to be the most heat tolerant in comparison with other life stages. The MW-treated blackgram samples depicted a significant decrease in the lysine, aspartic acid, and proline content as compared with RF-treated samples. This suggests a negative effect of the MW on the amino acids which in turn led to its deterioration. Therefore, the RF heating holds potency to disinfest legumes without affecting the major properties of legumes which was the major drawback of using the MW heating. K E Y W O R D Samino acid profile, internal feeders, legumes, pulse beetle, radio frequency | INTRODUCTIONLegumes are an integral part of the diet and a vocation for farmers in India. It is the complementary composition with the cereals-based proteins that have a substantial effect on its necessity to acquire a portion for the vegetarian population of not only the Indian subcontinent but also for the world too. In 2017-2018, a significant increase (of about 9%) was observed in the production of legumes, which took the total production to about 25.23 MT at the level of productivity of 841 kg/ha (Crop Division, Government of India, 2019). But still, to meet the supply-demand, 5.61 MT of legumes is imported from Canada, Australia, Myanmar, Russia, Ukraine, and some other legumeproducing countries (DES, 2018). This proves the prevalence of legumes in consumption on daily basis in India. But when it comes to

Impact of drying methods on the physicochemical properties and nutritional composition of defatted black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens ) pre‐pupae flour

“…(2021) and Tiwari et al. (2021). The endothermic peak obtained at 380°C (D) in FD BSFP and SD BSFP flour at 480°C (D) revealed the degradation of chitin components.…”

Susceptibility of Life Stages of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) to Microwave Radiation

“…But the study by Vadivambal et al (2008) in barley damaged by T. castaneum revealed that eggs are more susceptible and adults are least susceptible to microwave radiation. The studies conducted on Callosobruchus maculatus revealed that eggs were the most vulnerable and pupae were the least susceptible stage to irradiation (Shoughy and Elzun, 2014;Tiwari et al, 2021). In the case of lepidopteran storage pest, fig moth Ephestia cautella also, eggs were the most susceptible stage followed by female pupae, larvae and male pupae (Khalaf et al, 2015).…”

Dielectric heating for controlling field and storage insect pests in host plants and food products with varying moisture content

“…In comparison, RF heating achieved overall mortality in just 5.64, 6.28, and 5.35 min for all C. maculatus life stages, with insect eggs experiencing the shortest lethal time of 3.62 min ( Table 8 ). These findings highlight the rapid and effective nature of both microwave and RF radiation in controlling C. maculatus [ 90 ].

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“…However, this approach has significant drawbacks, including adverse effects on nontarget species, negative impacts on the preservation of the ecosystem and the evolution of resistance in pests [ 87 , 89 ]. Dielectric heating is employed to address the issue of this pest infestation in black gram beans [ 90 ]. The treatment involves using a 10 kW RF system operating at 40.68 MHz, which consists of a generator linked to an applicator designed to deliver precise and controlled RF energy to the samples.…”

“…According to Ref. [ 90 ], radiation at 2.45 GHz with 230 W led to the complete death of C. maculatus larvae, pupae, and adults in 9.82, 10.68, and 10.18 min, respectively. In comparison, RF heating achieved overall mortality in just 5.64, 6.28, and 5.35 min for all C. maculatus life stages, with insect eggs experiencing the shortest lethal time of 3.62 min ( Table 8 ).…”