A very compact in-line C-band diplexer is reported in this paper based on dual-mode dielectric TM-mode resonators in planar coupling configuration. In addition to the advantages of substantial volume-saving and easy assembly, the proposed diplexer features high quality factor, enhanced spurious performance, high-power handling, and efficient tuning process with independent control of each passband. For verification purposes, a C-band diplexer is designed, implemented, and tested. The final assembled diplexer unit has a compact overall volume of 43×40×15.9 mm 3 . It operates at 4.73 GHz and 5.03 GHz with same bandwidth of 24 MHz, an insertion loss better than 0.9 dB, and a return loss higher than 21 dB. Additionally, highpower breakdown analysis shows that the introduced diplexer can handle high levels of input power up to 5200 watts.