Dielectric metasurfaces for complete and independent control of the optical amplitude and phase

Overvig, Adam; Shrestha, Sajan; Malek, Stephanie C.; Lu, Ming; Stein, Aaron; Zheng, Changxi; Yu, Nanfang

doi:10.1038/s41377-019-0201-7

Cited by 381 publications

(305 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Thus, by adding a linear polarizer after the metasurface, one can in principle use the projection of the converted polarization state to modulate the transmitted amplitude of the field, as well as control its phase via the global e iψ factor. This simple but powerful scheme was demonstrated with metasurfaces designed for the specific cases of linearly polarized [24] and circularly polarized [25] light inputs.…”

Section: Phase and Amplitude Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbitrary polarization conversion for pure vortex generation with a single metasurface

Piccardo

Ambrosio

2020

Nanophotonics

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The purity of an optical vortex beam depends on the spread of its energy among different azimuthal and radial modes, also known as $\ell $- and p-modes. The smaller the spread, the higher the vortex purity and more efficient its creation and detection. There are several methods to generate vortex beams with well-defined orbital angular momentum, but only few exist allowing selection of a pure radial mode. These typically consist of many optical elements with rather complex arrangements, including active cavity resonators. Here, we show that it is possible to generate pure vortex beams using a single metasurface plate—called p-plate as it controls radial modes—in combination with a polarizer. We generalize an existing theory of independent phase and amplitude control with birefringent nanopillars considering arbitrary input polarization states. The high purity, sizeable creation efficiency, and impassable compactness make the presented approach a powerful complex amplitude modulation tool for pure vortex generation, even in the case of large topological charges.

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Section: Phase and Amplitude Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbitrary polarization conversion for pure vortex generation with a single metasurface

Piccardo

Ambrosio

2020

Nanophotonics

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“…For example, simultaneous phase and amplitude control may be realized by complex meta‐elements consisting of multiple geometric phase units to improve the quality of holographic image. [ 20–22 ] Complete phase and polarization control has been achieved to perform vectorial wavefront‐shaping. [ 23–29 ] Simultaneous control of both phase and frequency was also demonstrated, leading to advanced functionalities, such as vivid full‐color holograms, [ 30–33 ] broadband achromatic metalenses, [ 34,35 ] and hybrid hologram color printing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full‐Color Complex‐Amplitude Vectorial Holograms Based on Multi‐Freedom Metasurfaces

Deng

Jin

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

268

171

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Phase, polarization, amplitude, and frequency represent the basic dimensions of light, playing crucial roles for both fundamental light-material interactions and all major optical applications. Metasurfaces have emerged as a compact platform to manipulate these knobs, but previous metasurfaces have limited flexibility to simultaneous control them. A multi-freedom metasurface that can simultaneously and independently modulate phase, polarization, and amplitude in an analytical form is introduced, and frequency multiplexing is further realized by a k-space engineering technique. The multi-freedom metasurface seamlessly combines geometric Pancharatnam-Berry phase and detour phase, both of which are frequency independent. As a result, it allows complex-amplitude vectorial hologram at various frequencies based on the same design strategy, without sophisticated nanostructure searching of massive geometric parameters. Based on this principle, full-color complexamplitude vectorial meta-holograms in the visible are experimentally demonstrated with a metal-insulator-metal architecture, unlocking the longsought full potential of advanced light field manipulation through ultrathin metasurfaces.functional layers, emerge as a desirable platform to manipulate the light field at will with large control and flexibility. [3][4][5][6][7] Exciting applications have already been demonstrated on the metasurface platform, including flat diffractive and polarization optical components, much more compact and lightweight than conventional bulky counterparts. By engineering the scattering properties of the individual metaelements constituting the metasurface to mold the geometric phase, resonant phase or propagation phase, we are able to control phase, [8,9] amplitude, [10,11] polarization, [12,13] or frequency [14][15][16] of light, leading to high-efficiency metalenses, [9] high-fidelity holograms, [8] broadband polarization components, [12,17] and highperformance biosensors. [15] However, these ultrathin components tend to focus on single-dimensional light manipulation, controlling either the local phase, or amplitude, or polarization, or frequency, at a time, inherently limiting potential opportunities. For example, metasurface holograms and metalenses based on resonant phase and propagation phase are typically limited to a narrow range of frequencies. [18,19] Geometric Pancharatnam-Berry (P-B) phase metasurfaces operate over broader bandwidths, but they are restricted to circular polarization only. [8] To improve the performance and enrich the functionality of metasurfaces for a broader range of applications, independent

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“…In recent times, there has been a resurgence of interest in studying dielectric periodic structures, with the focus on realizing low-loss, sub-wavelength artificially engineered surfaces, also popularly called as metasurfaces for shaping the amplitude, phase and polarization properties of light to realize ultra-thin lenses, polarizers, holograms etc. [11][12][13]. This has also triggered interest in artificially engineered dielectric surfaces consisting of one or two-dimensional grating structures for resonant nonlinear optical studies [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the main conclusions of this review article with some future directions of interest in terms of large-area metasurfaces, techniques for enhancing the efficiency of the nonlinear processes, heterogenous integration, and extension to non-conventional wavelength ranges in the ultra-violet and infrared region are presented. There are few other detailed review articles published previously in the area of all-dielectric metasurfaces [12,13], resonant grating structures [17], and their nonlinear optical application [4,10,14,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Optics in Dielectric Guided-Mode Resonant Structures and Resonant Metasurfaces

et al. 2020

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Nonlinear optics is an important area of photonics research for realizing active optical functionalities such as light emission, frequency conversion, and ultrafast optical switching for applications in optical communication, material processing, precision measurements, spectroscopic sensing and label-free biological imaging. An emerging topic in nonlinear optics research is to realize high efficiency optical functionalities in ultra-small, sub-wavelength length scale structures by leveraging interesting optical resonances in surface relief metasurfaces. Such artificial surfaces can be engineered to support high quality factor resonances for enhanced nonlinear optical interaction by leveraging interesting physical mechanisms. The aim of this review article is to give an overview of the emerging field of nonlinear optics in dielectric based sub-wavelength periodic structures to realize efficient harmonic generators, wavelength mixers, optical switches etc. Dielectric metasurfaces support the realization of high quality-factor resonances with electric field concentrated either inside or in the vicinity of the dielectric media, while at the same time operate at high optical intensities without damage. The periodic dielectric structures considered here are broadly classified into guided-mode resonant structures and resonant metasurfaces. The basic physical mechanisms behind guided-mode resonances, electromagnetically-induced transparency like resonances and bound-states in continuum resonances in periodic photonic structures are discussed. Various nonlinear optical processes studied in such structures with example implementations are also reviewed. Finally, some future directions of interest in terms of realizing large-area metasurfaces, techniques for enhancing the efficiency of the nonlinear processes, heterogenous integration, and extension to non-conventional wavelength ranges in the ultra-violet and infrared region are discussed.

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Dielectric metasurfaces for complete and independent control of the optical amplitude and phase

Cited by 381 publications

References 47 publications

Arbitrary polarization conversion for pure vortex generation with a single metasurface

Arbitrary polarization conversion for pure vortex generation with a single metasurface

Full‐Color Complex‐Amplitude Vectorial Holograms Based on Multi‐Freedom Metasurfaces

Nonlinear Optics in Dielectric Guided-Mode Resonant Structures and Resonant Metasurfaces

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