Dielectric permittivity of human blood of different lactate levels measured at millimeter waves

Κουτσουπίδου, Μαρία; Cano-Garcia, Helena; Pricci, Roberto L.; Saha, Subhajit; Rana, Srinivas; Ancu, Oana; Draicchio, Fulvia; Mackenzie, Richard W.A.; Kosmas, Panagiotis; Kallos, Efthymios

doi:10.1109/embc.2019.8857488

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Due to the low cell concentration and short-term cell viability of WBCs, the cells of the immune system will therefore have a negligible effect on permittivity and uncertainty values of the dielectric system. Indeed, several studies have previously assessed the dielectric properties of metabolites such as glucose, lactate or cholesterol [40]- [44]. The concentration of glucose or lactate in healthy blood is low and will have small effects on permittivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Frequency Dependent Dielectric Properties of Blood as a Potential Technique to Measure Hydration

et al. 2024

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Tissue dehydration is known to have adverse effects on health and is highly challenging to characterize in vitro due to the complexity of the cell/tissue organisation. There have been a large number of studies reporting the dielectric properties of animal and human tissue explants or bodily fluids such as urine or blood over a wide frequency range from 10 Hz to 100 GHz. However, variations in blood composition involving the cell type, haematocrit (HCT) protein levels, ionic conductivity, electrolyte or glucose concentration will affect the dielectric measurements. The present study examined the effects of physiological osmotic solutions with NaCl (280 mOsmol/kg to 300 mOsmol/kg), HCT (35% to 50%) and albumin (3.5 g/dl to 5.5 g/dl) isolated from bovine blood on the dielectric properties measured at frequencies spanning from 0.5 GHz to 20 GHz using an open-ended co-axial probe. Measurements demonstrated linear correlations between permittivity and loss factor of blood solutions with varying HCT levels, albumin or osmolality such that a high protein concentration reduced the dielectric response in a dose-dependent manner. Whilst the spectral trends for the permittivity response to HCT and albumin were similar in a concentration-dependent manner, the loss factor profile was influenced by osmolality of the solution. In summary, we characterized the dependence of the microwave dielectric properties of blood on HCT, albumin and osmolality. The dielectric measurement technique has the potential to determine hydration levels for future diagnostic and therapeutic devices. INDEX TERMS Dielectric measurements, biomedical engineering, open-ended coaxial probe, proteins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Frequency Dependent Dielectric Properties of Blood as a Potential Technique to Measure Hydration

et al. 2024

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“…The multiwavelength system operates on two different electromagnetic bands, RF millimeter waves and NIR. The RF-sensing subsystem is equipped with two opposingly facing patch antennas operating between 37 and 39 GHz [ 28 ]. The antennas are placed in a custom-made 3D printed holder with the sample under test sandwiched between them ( Figure 1 ) The antennas are driven by an MS46122B (Anritsu, Kanagawa, Japan) vector network analyzer (VNA) using a pair of Stability Plus cables (MauryMicrowave, Ontario, CA, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Accuracy of Non-Invasive Glucose Sensing in Aqueous Solutions Using Combined Millimeter Wave and Near Infrared Transmission

Cano-Garcia

Kshirsagar

Pricci

et al. 2021

Sensors

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We reported measurement results relating to non-invasive glucose sensing using a novel multiwavelength approach that combines radio frequency and near infrared signals in transmission through aqueous glucose-loaded solutions. Data were collected simultaneously in the 37–39 GHz and 900–1800 nm electromagnetic bands. We successfully detected changes in the glucose solutions with varying glucose concentrations between 80 and 5000 mg/dl. The measurements showed for the first time that, compared to single modality systems, greater accuracy on glucose level prediction can be achieved when combining transmission data from these distinct electromagnetic bands, boosted by machine learning algorithms.

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Juan

2021

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Dielectric permittivity of human blood of different lactate levels measured at millimeter waves

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Microwave Frequency Dependent Dielectric Properties of Blood as a Potential Technique to Measure Hydration

Microwave Frequency Dependent Dielectric Properties of Blood as a Potential Technique to Measure Hydration

Enhancing the Accuracy of Non-Invasive Glucose Sensing in Aqueous Solutions Using Combined Millimeter Wave and Near Infrared Transmission

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