Dielectric properties of ZrO2-doped (Ba,Sr,Ca)TiO3 ceramics for tunable microwave device applications

Effect of Zr4+ Content on Crystal Structure, Micromorphology and Dielectric Properties of Ba(Zrx Ti1-X)O3 Ceramics

“…Zr 4+ has a larger ionic radius than Ti 4+ , so the ion mobility decreases with the increase of Zr content, which is not conducive to the movement of grain boundaries. The grain size is reduced [16][17]. Figure 4 shows the density curves of BZT ceramic samples with different zirconium contents.…”

Electrically tunable dielectric materials and strategies to improve their performances

“…Another example of oxide doping is (Ba 0.6-x Sr 0.4 Ca x )TiO 3 (BSCT, x=0-0.2) with a small amount of ZrO 2 (up to 3 wt%) [108]. The addition of ZrO 2 enhanced the densification and retarded the grain growth of the BSCT ceramics.…”

Influence of processing conditions on the grain growth and electrical properties of barium zirconate titanate ferroelectric ceramics

“…Substitution of Zr +4 for Ti +4 weaken the bonding force between the Ti +4 and the oxygen ion of the ABO 3 perovskite structure. As the Zr-O bonds (776.1 kJ/mol) are stronger than Ti-O bonds (672.4 kJ/mol), hence the Zr +4 ions can be substituted at lower temperature for cubic phase formation, hence the phase transition temperature is reduced [30]. On the other hand, the weakening of Ti-O bond leads to a weaker distortion of the octahedron and the substitution of Zr might induce a "break" of the cooperative vibration of Ti-O chains; this could bring about a decrease in the c/a ratio as depicted in Fig.…”