Dielectric relaxation in glass and glass‐ceramic materials of the system La₂O₃‐Gd₂O₃‐PbO‐MnO‐B₂O₃

Abstract

The electrical properties of new borate‐based glasses in the system La2O3‐Gd2O3‐PbO‐MnO2‐B2O3, prepared by the melt‐quenching technique, were investigated. All of these glasses have a fixed content of B2O3 (%mol = 30). The electrical measurements were carried out by impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 1 MHz, and temperatures from 100 to 400°C, below the glass temperature. The AC conductivity increases with temperature according to the Arrhenius law, with a single activation energy. The structural and thermal properties of the glasses were investigated by performing infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and differential thermal analysis. The dependence of the various electrical parameters as a function of the glass composition and temperature was discussed. Evaluations of models and theory of the relaxation mechanisms were predominantly made through comparison with experimental data and a set of phenomenological parameters.

Effect of Microstructure on Ionic Transport in Silica-Based Sodium Containing Nanoconfined Systems and Their Electrochemical Performance as Electrodes

“…It is observed from the table that the NGC2 system offers relatively higher activation energy for ion movement compared to the amorphous NGC1 system, which is ascribed to the existence of a higher degree of ceramization. 58 The typical frequency variation of AC conductivity is shown in Figure 11. The measured AC conductivity actually comprises two components and is expressed as…”

“…60 This kind of formalism is useful to evaluate the relaxation kinetics, imparting an insight into the charge carrier's ability to follow the applied electric field. 58 Complex electric modulus can be expressed in terms of complex dielectric permittivity as…”

“…These values are quite low. It is observed from the table that the NGC2 system offers relatively higher activation energy for ion movement compared to the amorphous NGC1 system, which is ascribed to the existence of a higher degree of ceramization …”

“…Therefore, we have investigated the relaxation behavior of the samples utilizing the electric modulus formalism, which physically corresponds to the relaxation of the electric field within the material considering the electric displacement constant . This kind of formalism is useful to evaluate the relaxation kinetics, imparting an insight into the charge carrier’s ability to follow the applied electric field …”

Research of Multifunctional Ceramic Materials for Their Application

“…Additionally, the glasscrystal materials for sensors in the system SiO 2 -Bi 2 O 3 -TiO 2 have been synthesized by a method of melt quenching and controlled crystallization of the glass and subsequent synthesis of thin layers by ink-screen-printing technique [41]. The materials in the system La 2 O 3 -Gd 2 O 3 -PbO-MnO-B 2 O 3 , demonstrate the synthesis of a monophasic material with a content of perovskite crystalline phase (La 1-x Gd x ) 0.6 Pb 0.4 MnO 3 which has been shown to be promising for ferroelectric applications [42].…”