Despite surging interest in molten
salt reactors and thermal storage
systems, knowledge of the physicochemical properties of molten salts
are still inadequate due to demanding experiments that require high
temperature, impurity control, and corrosion mitigation. Therefore,
the ability to predict these properties for molten salts from first-principles
computations is urgently needed. Herein, we developed and compared
a machine-learned neural network force field (NNFF) and a reparametrized
rigid ion model (RIM) for a prototypical molten salt LiF–NaF–KF
(FLiNaK). We found that NNFF was able to reproduce both the structural
and transport properties of the molten salt with first-principles
accuracy and classical-MD computational efficiency. Furthermore, the
correlation between the local atomic structures and the dynamics was
identified by comparing with RIMs, suggesting the significance of
polarization of anions implicitly embedded in the NNFF. This work
demonstrated a computational framework that can facilitate the screening
of molten salts with different chemical compositions, impurities,
and additives, and at different thermodynamic conditions suitable
for the next-generation nuclear reactors and thermal energy storage
facilities.