Dielectric sleeve resonator techniques for microwave complex permittivity evaluation

Geyer, Richard G.; Kaboš, Pavel; Baker–Jarvis, James R.

doi:10.1109/19.997841

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…16 From 3.4 to 20.2 GHz, the sleeve resonator technique was employed. 17 Here we used it in a multimode regime, where TE 011 -mode and its radial harmona͒ Electronic …”

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Domain wall contributions in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramics at morphotropic phase boundary: A study of dielectric dispersion

Jin¹,

Porokhonskyy²,

Damjanović³

2010

Applied Physics Letters

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The dielectric properties of undoped, Nb-, and Fe-doped Pb͑Zr, Ti͒O 3 ceramics with composition near morphotropic phase boundary were investigated in the frequency range from 1 MHz to 20.2 GHz at room temperature. Temperature dependences of dielectric permittivity Ј and loss Љ are measured at 100 kHz from 50 to 300 K and around 13.4 GHz from 100 to 300 K. These measurements permit estimation of the upper limit of the intrinsic permittivity and lower limit of the extrinsic contributions to the permittivity as a function of temperature. The extrinsic contributions account for more than 50% of the quasistatic dielectric permittivity in studied samples. © 2010 American Institute of Physics. ͓doi:10.1063/1.3455328͔Ferroelectric ceramics are the most widely used piezoelectric materials. The best properties are found in solid solutions exhibiting the morphotropic phase boundary ͑MPB͒. 1 The processes leading to the enhanced properties in the MPB region are of considerable technological and scientific interest. It is well known that in ferroelectric materials the motion of domain walls accounts for a large part of the experimentally observed piezoelectric and dielectric response. [2][3][4][5][6] In practice, the domain wall contributions are most often controlled by dopants, leading to electromechanically hard or soft materials. 1 In addition to dopants, domain wall contributions are dependent on microstructure and crystal structure of ceramics and, in general, it is found that the density of domain walls, domain structure, domain wall mobility, and the ceramics grain size are inter-related, and all depend on dopant concentration. 7-9 Within such a complex relationship among many parameters that influence properties, it is difficult to separate effects due to individual factors. It is advantageous when intrinsic properties are known either from a theory or direct measurements. This is unfortunately not the case for the most widely used piezoelectric material, Pb͑Zr, Ti͒O 3 ͑PZT͒, where single crystal data are not available and for which intrinsic ͑lattice͒ properties can be obtained only indirectly from the phenomenological LandauGinzburg-Devonshire ͑LGD͒ theory. One approach in separating lattice and domain wall contributions has been to measure properties of ceramics as a function of temperature and compare them with those obtained from the LGD theory. 10 The difference between thus obtained values is taken as an estimate of domain wall contributions. A good agreement between the dielectric properties measured in ceramics at low temperatures where domain walls are assumed to be frozen and values predicted from the LGD theory were taken as an indication that this method works well. 11 However, the recent discovery of a monoclinic phase in the MPB region of PZT ͑Ref. 12͒ has put some doubts in estimates derived from LGD approach based only on tetragonal and rhombohedral phases.Another approach to estimate domain wall and lattice contributions is to examine properties of ferroelectric ceramics as a function of frequenc...

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“…16 From 3.4 to 20.2 GHz, the sleeve resonator technique was employed. 17 Here we used it in a multimode regime, where TE 011 -mode and its radial harmona͒ Electronic …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 From 3.4 to 20.2 GHz, the sleeve resonator technique was employed. 17 Here we used it in a multimode regime, where TE 011 -mode and its radial harmon- ics ͑TE 0m1 ͒ were observed. The permittivity Ј and loss Љ values were extracted from transmission spectra collected by means of a HP8722D network analyzer.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Domain wall contributions in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramics at morphotropic phase boundary: A study of dielectric dispersion

Jin¹,

Porokhonskyy²,

Damjanović³

2010

Applied Physics Letters

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“…The upper bound of this range was determined by means of the sleeve resonator technique. [15] The data are not shown here. Hereafter the frequency of corresponding loss maximum will be referred to as f u .…”

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confidence: 99%

Separation of piezoelectric grain resonance and domain wall dispersion in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramics

Porokhonskyy¹,

Damjanović²

2009

Applied Physics Letters

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We report on the experimental investigation of a high-frequency ͑1 MHz-1.8 GHz͒ dielectric dispersion in unpoled and poled Pb͑Zr, Ti͒O 3 ceramics. Two overlapping loss peaks could be revealed in the dielectric spectrum. The linear dependence between the lower-frequency peak position and average grain size D , which holds for D Յ 10 m, indicates that the corresponding polarization mechanism originates from piezoelectric resonances of grains. The intensity of the higher-frequency peak is drastically reduced by poling. It is thus proposed that this loss peak is related to domain wall contribution to the dielectric dispersion. © 2009 American Institute of Physics. ͓DOI: 10.1063/1.3147166͔It has been often observed that the lattice permittivity of ferroelectric materials is significantly lower than the permittivity measured at conventionally accessible frequencies, say below 1 MHz. Perhaps the most striking manifestation of this difference is seen in the strong, steplike dispersion of the permittivity accompanied by the loss peak in the frequency range from 10 8 to 10 10 Hz. [1][2][3] Above this frequency range, the permittivity is close to that of the lattice. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain origins of the dispersion, including resonance of domain walls, 4 translational vibration of domain walls, 5 acoustic shear waves generation by stacks of lamellar 90°domains, 6 and piezoelectric resonance of grains. 7 Some authors have proposed that the dispersion is related to motion of individual ions between off-center position. 8 Being quite far from the state that permits quantitative description, the proposed mechanisms are sometimes arbitrarily invoked to explain any kind of dispersion observed in this frequency range, thus causing controversy and confusion. Most studies usually assign only one mechanism to the high frequency dispersion in a given ferroelectric material. 4,[6][7][8] However, there is no reason why several dispersive processes cannot contribute to the permittivity simultaneously. This is particularly true for piezoelectric resonances of grains and mechanisms related to domain wall displacement. Domain size ͑distance between neighboring domain walls͒ and grain size are coupled 9 and their contribution to the dielectric dispersion may occur in the narrow frequency range. The model of Pertsev and Arlt, 5 for example, suggests that resonance frequency of domain walls may be lower than the frequency of the elastic resonance of grains. The aim of this investigation is thus to specifically address the contribution of grain resonances and domain walls to the dielectric dispersion in 10 8 to 10 10 Hz range in technologically important ferroelectric, Pb͑Zr, Ti͒O 3 or PZT.In order to obtain samples with broad range of average grain size, we take advantage of the fact that in PZT grain size can be significantly affected by dopants. 10 Therefore, the samples of hard and soft PZT ceramics were prepared by a conventional solid state process using standard mixed oxide route. The Zr/Ti ratio ͑in at. %͒ was...

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“…These rods of BST were produced, from the same batch of powder, to enable the measurement of its permittivity and loss tangent. They were measured in a modified Hakki-Coleman resonator developed by Geyer et al 9 as shown in Fig. 4.…”

Section: Experimental Arrangement and Design Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barium strontium titanate dielectric helical resonators

Yang

Smith

Dolman

et al. 2010

Journal of the European Ceramic Society

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Dielectric sleeve resonator techniques for microwave complex permittivity evaluation

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Domain wall contributions in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramics at morphotropic phase boundary: A study of dielectric dispersion

Domain wall contributions in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramics at morphotropic phase boundary: A study of dielectric dispersion

Separation of piezoelectric grain resonance and domain wall dispersion in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramics

Barium strontium titanate dielectric helical resonators

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