Dielectrophoretic assembly of oriented and switchable two-dimensional photonic crystals

Lumsdon, Simon O.; Kaler, Eric W.; Williams, Jacob P.; Velev, Orlin D.

doi:10.1063/1.1541114

Cited by 135 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…[65] The approach was also extended to planar monolayers crystallized by alternating electric fields at the electrodes [66] and in a field gradient between two electrodes. [67] It was found that the application of alternating electric fields produced monolayers with a higher degree of long range Theory 27 order compared to constant electric field as nucleation rates can be controlled more precisely with alternating fields. [66] …”

Section: Electrophoretic Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Patterning with Colloidal Monolayers

Vogel

2012

Springer Theses

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This thesis focuses on the controlled assembly of monodisperse polymer colloids into ordered two-dimensional arrangements. These assemblies, commonly referred to as colloidal monolayers, are subsequently used as masks for the generation of arrays of complex metal nanostructures on solid substrates.The motivation of the research presented here is twofold. First, monolayer crystallization methods were developed to simplify the assembly of colloids and to produce more complex arrangements of colloids in a precise way. Second, various approaches to colloidal lithography are designed with the aim to include novel features or functions to arrays of metal nanostructures.The air/water interface was exploited for the crystallization of colloidal monolayer architectures as it combines a two-dimensional confinement with a high lateral mobility of the colloids that is beneficial for the creation of high long range order. A direct assembly of colloids is presented that provides a cheap, fast and conceptually simple methodology for the preparation of ordered colloidal monolayers. The produced two-dimensional crystals can be transformed into nonclose-packed architectures by a plasma-induced size reduction step, thus providing valuable masks for more sophisticated lithographic processes. Finally, the controlled co-assembly of binary colloidal crystals with defined stoichiometries on a Langmuir trough is introduced and characterized with respect to accessible configurations and size ratios.Several approaches to lithography are presented that aim at introducing different features to colloidal lithography. First, using metal-complex containing latex particles, the synthesis of which is described as well, symmetric arrays of metal nanoparticles can be created by controlled combustion of the organic material of the colloids. The process does not feature an inherent limit in nanoparticle size and is able to produce complex materials as will be demonstrated for FePt alloy particles. Precise control over both size and spacing of the particle array is presented.Second, two lithographic processes are introduced to create sophisticated nanoparticle dimer units consisting of two crescent shaped nanostructures in close proximity; essentially by using a single colloid as mask to generate two structures simultaneously. Strong coupling processes of the parental plasmon resonances of the two objects are observed that are accompanied by high near-field enhancements. A plasmon hybridization model is elaborated to explain all polarization dependent shifts of the resonance positions. Last, a technique to produce laterally patterned, ultra-flat substrates without surface topographies by embedding gold nanoparticles in a silicon dioxide matrix is applied to construct robust and re-usable sensing architectures and to introduce an approach for the nanoscale patterning of solid supported lipid bilayer membranes.

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Section: Electrophoretic Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Patterning with Colloidal Monolayers

Vogel

2012

Springer Theses

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“…In the presence of a large number of particles [1,6], particles interact with the external electric field as well as each other when they are close enough. Usually, mutual interactions among particles result in an aggregated chain when the particle concentration is diluted [35][36][37][38]. In the case of dense particles, these dipolar chains combine to form complex two-or threedimensional structures [39].…”

Section: Particle Assemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

Double‐layer polarization of a non‐conducting particle in an alternating current field with applications to dielectrophoresis

Zhao

2011

Electrophoresis

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Dielectrophoresis is becoming one of the most important techniques in particle manipulation including particle separation, particle assembly, and biomolecule characterization. Understanding dielectrophoretic properties of particles is a key step toward effective and efficient particle manipulation. Theoretical studies of polarization of a particle can help to understand experimental observations and also go beyond to develop a predictive theory to guide the experimental design. This article discusses recent theoretical advances in the polarization of a dielectric particle, in particular, the polarization of the electric double layer. The double-layer polarization is critical to determine particle dynamics in dielectrophoresis. The dipole moment characterizing the strength of this polarization depends on the double-layer thickness, the electric field frequency, the particle's surface charge, and other surface's properties (Pohl, H. A., Dielectrophoresis, Cambridge University Press, New York 1978). After a brief review of the mathematical model, the focus is on the following problems: (i) the polarization of a spherical particle; (ii) the polarization of an elongated cylindrical particle; (iii) the effect of the slip on the polarization of a particle. The double-layer polarization is examined here in the context of high-frequency and low-frequency dispersions induced by surface conduction and diffusion, respectively.

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“…1F). [40] The forces involved include induced dipole chaining and dielectrophoresis, the mobility of particles along the direction of the gradient of the field. [26] The application of AC fields can also lead to lateral motion of anisotropic particles due to induced-charge electrophoresis.…”

Section: Progress Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials Fabricated by Micro‐ and Nanoparticle Assembly – The Challenging Path from Science to Engineering

2009

Self Cite

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We classify the strategies for colloidal assembly and review the diverse potential applications of micro‐ and nanoparticle structures in materials and device prototypes. The useful properties of the particle assemblies, such as high surface‐to‐volume ratio, periodicity at mesoscale, large packing density, and long‐range ordering, can be harnessed in optical, electronic, and biosensing devices. We discuss the present and future trends in the colloidal‐ assembly field, focusing on the challenges of developing fabrication procedures that are rapid and efficiently controlled. We speculate on how the issues of scalability, control, and precision could be addressed, and how the functionality of the assemblies can be increased to better match the needs of technology.

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Dielectrophoretic assembly of oriented and switchable two-dimensional photonic crystals

Cited by 135 publications

References 17 publications

Surface Patterning with Colloidal Monolayers

Surface Patterning with Colloidal Monolayers

Double‐layer polarization of a non‐conducting particle in an alternating current field with applications to dielectrophoresis

Materials Fabricated by Micro‐ and Nanoparticle Assembly – The Challenging Path from Science to Engineering

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