Diels‐Alder Reaction in microemulsions with ionic liquid

Abstract

The Diels-Alder Reaction (DAR) between N-ethylmaleimide and 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene was studied in microemulsions with ionic liquid (IL) for the first time. The apparent second-order rate constants were determined by spectrophotometry in the microemulsion. The effect of solvent on the DAR rate was investigated and interpreted. The experimental results showed that the reaction rate in the microemulsion with IL was enhanced and it was faster than that in pure isooctane and in generic AOT microemulsion. The effect of the IL on the apparent second rate constant (k 2 ) was explained. The effect of temperature on the reaction rate was studied, and values of apparent activation energy were estimated in various microemulsion with IL.

Silver nanoparticles synthesis using H2 as reducing agent in toluene–supercritical CO2 microemulsion

“…2(A). In the synthesis process, AgNO 3 was reduced by hydrogen in the micro-reactor of the microemulsion, and AgNPs nucleation and crystal growth were controlled by the molar ratio (ω) of water to surfactant in the micro-reactor of microemulsion, because the size and microenvironment of micro-reactor in the microemulsion depend on the molar ratio ω [37]. H 2 reductant was dispersed evenly in the toluene-scCO 2 microemulsion and it was easy to control the reduction in the synthesis process of AgNPs, and to avoid AgNPs with different sizes due to uneven distribution of reductant in the medium, because scCO 2 dissolved in toluene enhanced the solubility of H 2 in toluene [38] and decreased the viscosity of the mixture [39,40].…”