“…Overcooling causes the same impact as overheating (Anwar & Oktofan, 2020). Engines that operate below normal temperatures produce poor combustion, fuel waste, excessive heat dissipation, high wear on piston rings and liners, and high friction and noise (Xin, 2013). In addition, the condition of the overcooling cylinder causes the addition of corrosive and destructive acids (Sabde et al, 2021).…”