Diesel exhaust affects immunological action in the placentas of mice

Abstract

We investigated the effect of diesel exhaust (DE) on pregnancy and fetal development in mice at day 14 postcoitum (pc) with a special focus on the placenta. The number of absorbed fetuses increased in groups exposed to DE, and congestion was observed in histological sections of placentas. During placental absorption expression of CYP1A1 mRNA decreased to undetectable levels, whereas expression of TNF alpha mRNA increased approximately twofold over that of the control. Levels of CYP1A1 mRNA in normal placentas from DE-exposed mice were unchanged. mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-2, IL-5, IL-12 alpha, IL-12 beta, and GM-CSF increased in placentas exposed to DE (0.3 and 3.0 mg diesel exhaust particles (DEP)/m3). Expression of IL-5 mRNA was markedly increased in DE-exposed placentas, although levels were barely detectable in control placentas. IL-6 mRNA expression was increased approximately 10-fold in placentas exposed to DE (3.0 mg DEP/m3). It has been reported that expression of mRNA encoding proteins involved in immune function in the placenta is increased during fetal absorption in mice. In the present study, expression of such mRNA by the placenta was increased by DE exposure. Because it is believed that expression of mRNA in the placenta also affects fetal development, DE may promote fetal absorption. These findings suggest that in mice exposure to DE affects fetal absorption and placental function by modifying expression of immune-related genes during early gestation and expression of endocrine-related genes during late gestation.

Nanoparticles Transferred from Pregnant Mice to Their Offspring Can Damage the Genital and Cranial Nerve Systems

“…Control: n = 8, TiO 2 : n = 8. Presented are the mean ± S.E., where * , p < 0.05, * * , p < 0.01, * * * , p < 0.001. have observed various histologic and functional effects on the male reproductive and central nervous systems in mice exposed prenatally to diesel exhaust (DE) [13][14][15][16][17][18] and diesel exhaust particles (DEP). The changes in the reproductive and central nervous systems in DE-exposed mice could be reduced by eliminating particles including nano-sized particles with a high-quality filter (unpublished data).…”

Diesel Exhaust Exposure Enhances the Persistence of Endometriosis Model in Rats

“…6465); Fax: +81-4-7121-3784; E-mail: j3108703@ed.noda.tus.ac.jp monoxide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and DE particles (DEPs). Numerous studies have indicated that DE and DEPs have various detrimental effects on health; it has been reported that DE in humans causes lung cancer, 1) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2) cardiovascular disease, [3][4][5][6] and in mice, reduced male reproductive function, [7][8][9][10] abnormal fetal development of female reproductive function, 11) abnormal expression of immune-related genes in the placenta, 12) and central nervous system damage. 13) It has also been reported that DE exposure promotes allergic reactions in the airway and exaggerates the pathology of respiratory allergic diseases.…”

Exposition aux gaz d’échappement diesel durant la gestation : quelles conséquences sur le développement foeto-placentaire ? Apport des modèles animaux

“…Une expérience similaire chez la souris avec des nanoparticules de cadmium induit aussi des perturbations de la stéroïdogenèse ; bien que la taille foetale soit aussi réduite, le poids des foetus n›est pas affecté, mais celui des placentas à terme est augmenté (Blum et al 2012). Chez la souris, une exposition similaire pendant la plus grande partie de la gestation induit des résorptions embryonnaires et foetales accompagnées de lésions placentaires importantes (hémorragies, congestion, nécrose, compaction des espaces vasculaires, infiltration de cellules immunitaires et stress oxydatif) (Fujimoto et al 2005 ;Weldy et al 2014). Aux concentrations d'exposition les plus élevées, l'expression génique placentaire de plusieurs cytokines proinflammatoires (interleukines IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12a et b) est très largement augmentée (Fujimoto et al 2005).…”

“…Chez la souris, une exposition similaire pendant la plus grande partie de la gestation induit des résorptions embryonnaires et foetales accompagnées de lésions placentaires importantes (hémorragies, congestion, nécrose, compaction des espaces vasculaires, infiltration de cellules immunitaires et stress oxydatif) (Fujimoto et al 2005 ;Weldy et al 2014). Aux concentrations d'exposition les plus élevées, l'expression génique placentaire de plusieurs cytokines proinflammatoires (interleukines IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12a et b) est très largement augmentée (Fujimoto et al 2005). L'exposition in utero à des concentrations élevées de DE induit aussi une augmentation marquée de l'expression d'interleukines (IL-1b, IL-6, IL-10) et de chimiokines (chemokine ligand 2 et fractalkine) dans le cerveau des foetus à terme (Bolton et al 2012 (Valentino et al 2016).…”