Diesel Fuel Additives to Meet Worldwide Performance and Emissions Requirements

Kulinowski, Alexander M.; Henly, Timothy J.; Growcott, Peter

doi:10.4271/932737

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Two common ignition improver (or cetane improver) additives are a nitrate-based 2-ethlyhexyl nitrate (2-EHN) and peroxide-based additive (DTBP). Previous diesel emission studies have shown mixed results of NO x reduction using 2-EHN or DTBP with some having up to 8 per cent reduction in NO x [11,12] and with others showing no benefit [13] or an increase in NO x [14]. McCormick et al [15] effectively blended biodiesel with DTBP and 2-EHN to reduce NO x and to maintain the PM emissions reduction from the use of biodiesel over its neat petroleum diesel on a 1991 Detroit Diesel Corporation (DDC) series 60 engine, while a 2002 Cummins ISB and 2003 DDC series 60 [16] had no effect on NO x when adding 2-EHN to B20.…”

Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 95%

Evaluation of the NO_x emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines with the addition of cetane improvers

Nuszkowski

Tincher

Thompson

2009

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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The exhaust emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines (HDDEs) contribute to the degradation of ambient air quality; therefore, environmental agencies have created stringent emissions standards. Since the implementation of these standards, overall engine and fuel technology improvements have created a significant reduction in emissions. This study was completed in order to evaluate oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) emissions from fuels with and without cetane-improving additives in recent and early production electronically controlled HDDEs. Five engines spanning the model years from 1991 to 2004 were tested using the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) dynamometer cycle with both petroleum-based diesel and B20 as the neat fuel. It was found that the additives had the most impact on reducing emissions at low engine powers, but the engine power range with an NO x benefit varied between engines. The cetane improvers were found only to reduce NO x below a cylinder gas density of 35 kg/m 3 at top dead centre. The lower compression ratio of the 1992 DDC S60 engines reduced the cylinder gas density and provided a larger optimal operating range for the cetane improvers. The cetane improvers reduced NO x at low engine powers and cylinder gas density for the B20 fuel but were less effective than for the neat petroleum fuels.

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Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 95%

Evaluation of the NO_x emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines with the addition of cetane improvers

Nuszkowski

Tincher

Thompson

2009

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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“…Mixed engine performance and emission results have been reported with each additive type. In particular, cetane improver additives have been shown to reduce NOx [8,9], show no NOx benefit [10], and increase NOx [11] by different researchers. Cetane improvers reduce the time from the start of fuel injection to the start of combustion, known as the ignition delay.…”

Section: Ddcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higgins and colleagues [32] used a constant volume combustion system to show that the primary effect of 2-EHN on diesel combustion is an accelerated pre-ignition radical pool with greater effect at low temperatures and low cylinder air densities. Previous diesel emission studies have shown mixed results of NOx reduction using 2-EHN or DTBP with some having up to 8% reduction in NOx [8,9] while others showing no benefit [10] or an increase in NOx [11]. McCormick et al [33] effectively blended biodiesel with DTBP and 2-EHN to reduce NOx and maintain the PM emissions reduction from the use of biodiesel.…”

Section: Fuel Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Fuel Additives on Diesel Engine Emissions during Steady State and Transient Operation

Nuszkowski¹

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Internal combustion engines have propelled society's transportation and power needs for the last century. However, with the regulatory demand to reduce air pollution, internal combustion engines are a major focus to reduce the emissions from these engines. Compression ignition or diesel engines are a major contributor to NOx and PM pollution. However, the life of these engines is much longer than that of their spark-ignited counterparts, causing the fleet of diesel engines to consist of a significant number of old, higher polluting engines. Fuel additives are one method of reducing emissions and/or enhancing performance in these older diesel engines without the need for technology upgrades (new engines/aftertreatment). Although diesel fuel additives' ability to reduce harmful emissions is well known in the literature, the mechanism as to how these additives work is not well understood. To explore the mechanism, three cetane improvers (2-EHN, DTBP, and ODA) were investigated on a 1992 DDC Series 60 engine and 2004 EGR-equipped Cummins ISM370 engine incorporating sensors for in-cylinder pressure measurement and analysis. The engines were tested on the heavy-duty FTP cycle and the steady state SET test. The cetane improvers, depending on the additive, treat rate, and base fuel (excluding the biodiesel blends), showed significant reduction in NOx (2.2-4.9%) on the 1992 DDC engine and no change or significant increase (1.3-1.4%) on the 2004 Cummins engine when exercised over the transient FTP cycle. In the SET tests, low loads produced a NOx decrease (up to 8%) and high loads a NOx increase (up to 1.8%) with cetane improvers on the 1992 DDC engine. The 2004 Cummins engine showed little NOx decrease (up to 1%) or a NOx increase (up to 6.1%) with cetane improvers compared to the base fuel on the SET test. The biodiesel blends showed a similar trend with the additized neat fuel with decreased NOx at low load and increased NOx at high load on the 1992 DDC engine, suggesting a cetane effect due to the high cetane number of biodiesel. The heat release parameters showed that the change in NOx was due to the change in maximum cylinder pressure, maximum cylinder gas temperature, premix fraction, and pressure at the start of combustion on the 1992 DDC engine. Overall, the fuel additives reduced the premix fraction of the heat release on the 1992 DDC engine at all loads and reduced the premix fraction at low

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PAH emissions influenced by Mn-based additive and turbocharging from a heavy-duty diesel engine

Yang

Lee

et al. 1998

Environment International

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Diesel Fuel Additives to Meet Worldwide Performance and Emissions Requirements

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Evaluation of the NO_x emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines with the addition of cetane improvers

Evaluation of the NO_x emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines with the addition of cetane improvers

The Effects of Fuel Additives on Diesel Engine Emissions during Steady State and Transient Operation

PAH emissions influenced by Mn-based additive and turbocharging from a heavy-duty diesel engine

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Diesel Fuel Additives to Meet Worldwide Performance and Emissions Requirements

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Evaluation of the NOx emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines with the addition of cetane improvers

Evaluation of the NOx emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines with the addition of cetane improvers

The Effects of Fuel Additives on Diesel Engine Emissions during Steady State and Transient Operation

PAH emissions influenced by Mn-based additive and turbocharging from a heavy-duty diesel engine

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Evaluation of the NO_x emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines with the addition of cetane improvers

Evaluation of the NO_x emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines with the addition of cetane improvers