Diesel Fuel Quality and Particulate Emissions: An Overview

Singal, S.K.; Pundir, B. P.

doi:10.4271/961185

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The density of all samples is highlighted in Figure 4. Density is an important property because it controls the amount of fuel that is compressed and burned in the combustion chamber (Fanick and Whitney, 1996;Singal and Pundir, 1996). The higher the amount of fuel sprayed in the combustion chamber, the higher the output of partially oxidized products emitted.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of the automotive diesel quality in the Athens area

Kalligeros

Zannikos

Stournas

et al. 2001

Int. J. Energy Res.

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SUMMARYOne of the most fuel-e$cient engines available is the diesel engine. It is the engine of choice for the commercial and heavy-duty transportation industry. Increasingly stringent legislated exhaust emission levels are driving improvements in both engine technology and fuel quality around the world. This paper presents the results of a survey in automotive diesel samples obtained from service stations in the Athens area. For this purpose 112 fuel samples were randomly collected from several service stations during the period from April 1998 until June 1999. These samples are representative of the automotive diesel distributed in the Athens area from all the oil companies operating in Greece. The laboratory examination involved the analysis both for any adulteration with the cheaper domestic heating diesel or marine diesel, and for some key properties of the automotive diesel. The ASTM standard methods were applied for the determination of the sulphur and nitrogen content, the density at 153C, the Cetane index, the kinematic viscosity at 403C and the distillation properties of initial boiling point of the fuel (IBP), 10 per cent volume of the fuel (D ), 50 per cent volume of the fuel (D ), 90 per cent volume of the fuel (D ) and the "nal boiling point (FBP). The results indicate that there is a large #uctuation in the fuel properties among the oil marketers. Forty-six samples were found to be adultered with the cheaper diesel (domestic heating or marine diesel fuel) during the sampling period. This means that more than 40 per cent of the automotive diesel distributed in Athens, su!ers from some degree of adulteration. One sample was found to be outside the current speci"cations of density maybe due to contamination with white spirit. The fuel adulteration problem is associated with environmental pollution, problems in engine performance and tax losses. It is a common problem not only to the European countries but practically for every nation in the world. The European Union expressed recently its concern on this issue, mandating that by the year 2002 all the member states will promote the development of a uniform system for fuel quality monitoring.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of the automotive diesel quality in the Athens area

Kalligeros

Zannikos

Stournas

et al. 2001

Int. J. Energy Res.

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“…The effects of diesel fuels on emissions are reported by Den Ouden et al (1994), Singal and Pundir (1996), Nylund et al (1997), Boesel et al (2003), Matthews et al (2005), Kono et al (2005), Hara et al (2006), Zannis et al (2008), Fanick (2008), Nanjundaswamy et al (2009), andHochhauser (2009). The sulfur impact on diesel emissions control is reviewed by Corro (2002).…”

Section: Diesel Fuel Injection Systemmentioning

confidence: 89%

Combustion, emissions, and calibration for diesel engine system design

Xin¹

2013

Diesel Engine System Design

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“…For example, a lower density fuel requires longer injection duration for the same fuel mass to be injected. Although density is a physical effect, research has found that a higher density fuel increases PM [18,19,20] and NOx [19,21].…”

Section: Specific Gravity or Api Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies have shown an increase in PM emissions with increasing T90 or Final Boil Point (FBP) [23,24], while other studies have shown the distillation has no influence on PM emissions [20,25] and the influence should be attributed to the density. Some studies show an influence of the fuel volatility for other emissions such as NOx [21,25,26] and HC [21,25].…”

Section: Volatilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Fuel Additives on Diesel Engine Emissions during Steady State and Transient Operation

Nuszkowski¹

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Internal combustion engines have propelled society's transportation and power needs for the last century. However, with the regulatory demand to reduce air pollution, internal combustion engines are a major focus to reduce the emissions from these engines. Compression ignition or diesel engines are a major contributor to NOx and PM pollution. However, the life of these engines is much longer than that of their spark-ignited counterparts, causing the fleet of diesel engines to consist of a significant number of old, higher polluting engines. Fuel additives are one method of reducing emissions and/or enhancing performance in these older diesel engines without the need for technology upgrades (new engines/aftertreatment). Although diesel fuel additives' ability to reduce harmful emissions is well known in the literature, the mechanism as to how these additives work is not well understood. To explore the mechanism, three cetane improvers (2-EHN, DTBP, and ODA) were investigated on a 1992 DDC Series 60 engine and 2004 EGR-equipped Cummins ISM370 engine incorporating sensors for in-cylinder pressure measurement and analysis. The engines were tested on the heavy-duty FTP cycle and the steady state SET test. The cetane improvers, depending on the additive, treat rate, and base fuel (excluding the biodiesel blends), showed significant reduction in NOx (2.2-4.9%) on the 1992 DDC engine and no change or significant increase (1.3-1.4%) on the 2004 Cummins engine when exercised over the transient FTP cycle. In the SET tests, low loads produced a NOx decrease (up to 8%) and high loads a NOx increase (up to 1.8%) with cetane improvers on the 1992 DDC engine. The 2004 Cummins engine showed little NOx decrease (up to 1%) or a NOx increase (up to 6.1%) with cetane improvers compared to the base fuel on the SET test. The biodiesel blends showed a similar trend with the additized neat fuel with decreased NOx at low load and increased NOx at high load on the 1992 DDC engine, suggesting a cetane effect due to the high cetane number of biodiesel. The heat release parameters showed that the change in NOx was due to the change in maximum cylinder pressure, maximum cylinder gas temperature, premix fraction, and pressure at the start of combustion on the 1992 DDC engine. Overall, the fuel additives reduced the premix fraction of the heat release on the 1992 DDC engine at all loads and reduced the premix fraction at low

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Diesel Fuel Quality and Particulate Emissions: An Overview

Cited by 12 publications

References 54 publications

A survey of the automotive diesel quality in the Athens area

A survey of the automotive diesel quality in the Athens area

Combustion, emissions, and calibration for diesel engine system design

The Effects of Fuel Additives on Diesel Engine Emissions during Steady State and Transient Operation

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