Diesel vehicle emission accounts for the dominate NO  source to atmospheric particulate nitrate in a coastal city: Insights from nitrate dual isotopes of PM2.5

Zhang, Wenhui; Bi, Xinhui; Zhang, Yufen; Wu, Jianhui; Feng, Yinchang

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106328

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…At night,  15 N(NO3 − ) values show less variability, with an overall mean of (1.4 ± 1.2) ‰ and (−1.1 ± 0.4) ‰ during SP 1 and SP 2, respectively.  15 N(NO3 − ) are within the range of observations reported in urban areas (He et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2022a). A similar diurnal pattern was observed in samples collected during a cruise along the Californian coast in spring 2010 (Vicars et al, 2013), and isotopic exchanges between NO and NO2 during the day were targeted to be the primary driver of the diel variability.…”

Section: Isotopic Composition Of Atmospheric No2 and No3supporting

confidence: 84%

Diurnal variations in oxygen and nitrogen isotopes of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide and nitrate: implications for tracing NO_x oxidation pathways and emission sources

Albertin

Savarino

Bekki

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. The oxygen (𝛥17O) and nitrogen (𝛿15N) isotopic compositions of atmospheric nitrate (NO3-) are widely used as tracers of its formation pathways, precursor (nitrogen oxides NOx = nitric oxide NO + nitrogen NO2) emission sources, and physico-chemical processing. However, the critical lack of observations on the multi-isotopic composition of NO2 maintains significant uncertainties regarding the links between the isotopic composition of NOx and NO3-, which may bias estimates of the NO3- formation processes and the distribution of sources. We report here on the first simultaneous atmospheric observations of 𝛥17O and 𝛿15N in NO2 and NO3-. The measurements were carried out at sub-daily (ca. 3 h) resolution over two non-consecutive days in an Alpine city in February 2021. Important diurnal variabilities are observed in both NO2 and NO3- multi-isotopic composition. 𝛥17O of NO2 and NO3- range from 19.6 to 40.8 ‰ and 18.7 to 26 ‰, respectively. During both daytime and nighttime, the variability of 𝛥17O(NO2) is mainly driven by the oxidation of NO by ozone, with a substantial contribution from peroxy radicals in the morning. NO3- local mass balance equations, constrained by observed 𝛥17O(NO2), suggest that during the first day of sampling NO3- was formed locally from the oxidation of NO2 by hydroxyl radicals during the day, and via heterogeneous hydrolysis of dinitrogen pentoxide during the night. For the second day, calculated and observed 𝛥17O(NO3-) do not match, particularly daytime values. The effects on 𝛥17O(NO3-) of a Saharan dust event that occurred during the second day and winter boundary layer dynamics are discussed. 𝛿15N of NO2 and NO3- ranged from -10.0 to 19.7 ‰ and -4.2 to 14.8 ‰, respectively. Consistent with theoretical predictions of N isotope fractionation, the important variability of 𝛿15N(NO2) is explained by significant post-emission equilibrium N fractionation. After accounting for this effect, vehicle exhaust is found to be the primary source of NOx emissions at the sampling site. 𝛿15N(NO3-) is closely linked to 𝛿15N(NO2) variability, which bring further evidence of fast and local processing, but uncertainties on current N fractionation factors during NO2 to NO3- conversion are underscored. Overall, this detailed investigation highlights the potential and the necessity to use 𝛥17O and 𝛿15N in NO2 and NO3- to trace quantitatively the sources and formation chemistry of NO3-, particularly in urban environments in winter.

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Section: Isotopic Composition Of Atmospheric No2 and No3supporting

confidence: 84%

Diurnal variations in oxygen and nitrogen isotopes of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide and nitrate: implications for tracing NO_x oxidation pathways and emission sources

Albertin

Savarino

Bekki

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…As well known, nitrate has been identified as the primary contributor to WSIs in aerosols in several cities in eastern China. Studies conducted in Changchun (Zhao et al., 2020), Beijing (Fan et al., 2020), Tianjin (Zhang et al., 2022), Jiaozuo (Li, Geng, et al., 2022), Li, Shi, et al., 2022nd Shanghai (Sun et al., 2022) have all reported the significant role played by nitrate in atmospheric aerosols in urban agglomerations in this region. The consistent high nitrate contribution of aerosols in the northern seas as well as in nearby continental areas like the North China Plain and Northeast China, suggests that the significant differences in nitrate concentrations and isotope characteristics between the northern and southern seas maybe attributed to continental outflow.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Continental Emissions Influence the Sources and Formation Mechanisms of Marine Nitrate Aerosols in Spring Over the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea Inferred From Stable Isotopes

Zhao,

Zhang,

Lin

et al. 2024

JGR Atmospheres

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The influence of continental emissions on the origin and formation mechanisms of atmospheric particulate nitrate (ρ‐NO3−) aerosols in the marine boundary layer remains unclear. Here, synchronous observations of nitrogen isotope ratios (δ15N–NO3−) and oxygen isotope anomaly (Δ17O–NO3−) in ρ‐NO3− were conducted across the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea in Eastern China. Nitrate concentrations, δ15N–NO3− and Δ17O–NO3− exhibited a pronounced north‐to‐south latitudinal gradient. Combined with backward air mass trajectory analysis, the high nitrate concentration and isotopic characteristics in the northern sea area were found to be affected by the continental outflow near China while the low values in the southern sea area were more related to the oceanic inflow. Stable isotope analysis in R (SIAR) indicated that near the northern sea area, the nitrate radicals (NO3) reacted with hydrocarbons (HC) or dimethyl sulfides (DMS) pathway (NO3 + HC/DMS) played a leading role in nitrate production, whereas the NO2 + OH pathway dominated near the southern sea area. Nitrate in the northern seas originated mainly from nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2, the gaseous precursor of nitrate) emitted from continental sources, especially coal combustion and biomass burning. While closer to the southern seas, the proportion of NOx generated in the marine environment (from ship and biogenic emissions) increased. Overall, the differential relative contributions of continental and marine atmospheric chemistry and NOx sources lead to the spatial distribution characteristics of atmospheric nitrate concentrations and isotopic values over the Yellow and Bohai Seas.

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“…Among the WSIs contents of various automobile exhausts (Figure S12), NO3and Ca 2+ were the most abundant anion and cation, respectively. The high NO3in the automobile PM2.5 may be due to NOx production during high-temperature combustion (Zhang et al, 2022b), while the high Ca 2+ content should be related to additives in automobile fuels and calcium-based lubricants (Hao et al, 2019;Yang et al, 2019). Moreover, the exhaust WSIs decreased with the strengthened automobile emission standards.…”

Section: Common Pm25 Components Related To Specific Combustion Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source differences in the components and cytotoxicity of PM_2.5 from automobile exhaust, coal combustion, and biomass burning contributing to urban aerosol toxicity

Luo

Huang

Shen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. The combustions of fuels, including oil, coal, and biomass, are main anthropogenic sources of atmospheric fine particulate matters (PM2.5), however, their discrepant contributions to health toxicity risks of mixed ambient aerosol pollution dominated by respective emission intensity and chemical compositions are still unclear. In order to explore the quantitative differences of these combustion emissions, ten typical types of each source PM2.5, i.e., vehicle exhaust, coal combustion, and biomass burning, were collected by laboratory simulated combustion and dilution channel sampler. Totally thirty type combustion samples were compared with monthly urban air PM2.5 samples, which chemical characteristics and biological effects were investigated by component analysis and in vitro toxicity assays of human lung epithelial cells (A549). Heavy metals are more plentiful in PM2.5 from coal combustion and automobile exhaust, while carbonaceous fraction was plenteous in biomass burning. The overall cytotoxicity of PM2.5 was automobile exhaust > coal combustion > biomass burning, with different toxicity pathways and triggers. The toxicity of PM2.5 from gasoline/diesel and biomass combustion was relevant to the combination of carbonaceous and water-soluble components, but the toxicogenic capacity of coal combustion PM2.5 was mainly related to the high content of heavy metals. All these three emission categories of anthropogenic combustion sources were more toxic than ambient PM2.5 and should be the main independent contributors to the cytotoxicity of mixed urban air PM2.5. Associated with the source apportionment results of positive matrix factorization (PMF) model that automobile exhaust, coal and biomass combustion contributed 27.7 %, 25.2 % and 13.1 % of ambient air PM2.5, respectively, the toxicological results suggest automobile exhaust and coal combustion are priority emissions with higher toxic pollutants to be reduced preferentially for precise urban PM2.5 pollution control ensuring public health safety.

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Diesel vehicle emission accounts for the dominate NO source to atmospheric particulate nitrate in a coastal city: Insights from nitrate dual isotopes of PM2.5

Cited by 14 publications

References 99 publications

Diurnal variations in oxygen and nitrogen isotopes of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide and nitrate: implications for tracing NO_x oxidation pathways and emission sources

Diurnal variations in oxygen and nitrogen isotopes of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide and nitrate: implications for tracing NO_x oxidation pathways and emission sources

Continental Emissions Influence the Sources and Formation Mechanisms of Marine Nitrate Aerosols in Spring Over the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea Inferred From Stable Isotopes

Source differences in the components and cytotoxicity of PM_2.5 from automobile exhaust, coal combustion, and biomass burning contributing to urban aerosol toxicity

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Diesel vehicle emission accounts for the dominate NO source to atmospheric particulate nitrate in a coastal city: Insights from nitrate dual isotopes of PM2.5

Cited by 14 publications

References 99 publications

Diurnal variations in oxygen and nitrogen isotopes of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide and nitrate: implications for tracing NOx oxidation pathways and emission sources

Diurnal variations in oxygen and nitrogen isotopes of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide and nitrate: implications for tracing NOx oxidation pathways and emission sources

Continental Emissions Influence the Sources and Formation Mechanisms of Marine Nitrate Aerosols in Spring Over the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea Inferred From Stable Isotopes

Source differences in the components and cytotoxicity of PM2.5 from automobile exhaust, coal combustion, and biomass burning contributing to urban aerosol toxicity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Diurnal variations in oxygen and nitrogen isotopes of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide and nitrate: implications for tracing NO_x oxidation pathways and emission sources

Diurnal variations in oxygen and nitrogen isotopes of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide and nitrate: implications for tracing NO_x oxidation pathways and emission sources

Source differences in the components and cytotoxicity of PM_2.5 from automobile exhaust, coal combustion, and biomass burning contributing to urban aerosol toxicity