Diet and disease modification in multiple sclerosis: a nutritional epidemiology perspective

Fitzgerald, Kathryn C.

doi:10.1136/jnnp-2017-316375

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, there are research studies that indicate positive associations between worsening disability and total cholesterol and triglycerides levels and negative associations between HDL cholesterol and the disability status of MS patients [141,142]. An increased intake of saturated fat is associated with increased recurrence in children ( n = 219) with MS [143,144]. Although the Swank diet was developed 70 years ago, it is still in use.…”

Section: Associations Between Dietary Patterns and Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Various Antioxidant Compounds and their Potential Utility as Complementary Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The etiology of this multifactorial disease has not been clearly defined. Conventional medical treatment of MS has progressed, but is still based on symptomatic treatment. One of the key factors in the pathogenesis of MS is oxidative stress, enhancing inflammation and neurodegeneration. In MS, both reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are formed in the CNS mainly by activated macrophages and microglia structures, which can lead to demyelination and axon disruption. The course of MS is associated with the secretion of many inflammatory and oxidative stress mediators, including cytokines (IL-1b, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α, INF-γ) and chemokines (MIP-1a, MCP-1, IP10). The early stage of MS (RRMS) lasts about 10 years, and is dominated by inflammatory processes, whereas the chronic stage is associated with neurodegenerative axon and neuron loss. Since oxidative damage has been known to be involved in inflammatory and autoimmune-mediated processes, antioxidant therapy could contribute to the reduction or even prevention of the progression of MS. Further research is needed in order to establish new aims for novel treatment and provide possible benefits to MS patients. The present review examines the roles of oxidative stress and non-pharmacological anti-oxidative therapies in MS.

show abstract

Section: Associations Between Dietary Patterns and Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Various Antioxidant Compounds and their Potential Utility as Complementary Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Vascular comorbidities have also been associated with increased disability [60]. Higher energy intake from fat, especially saturated fat, was associated with increased risk of relapse in a study of 219 children with MS [61,62].…”

Section: Swank Low-saturated Fat Diet Development and Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Two Popular Eating Plans within the Multiple Sclerosis Community: Low Saturated Fat and Modified Paleolithic

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The precise etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is unknown but epidemiologic evidence suggests this immune-mediated, neurodegenerative condition is the result of a complex interaction between genes and lifetime environmental exposures. Diet choices are modifiable environmental factors that may influence MS disease activity. Two diets promoted for MS, low saturated fat Swank and modified Paleolithic Wahls Elimination (WahlsElim), are currently being investigated for their effect on MS-related fatigue and quality of life (NCT02914964). Dr. Swank theorized restriction of saturated fat would reduce vascular dysfunction in the central nervous system (CNS). Dr. Wahls initially theorized that detailed guidance to increase intake of specific foodstuffs would facilitate increased intake of nutrients key to neuronal health (Wahls™ diet). Dr. Wahls further theorized restriction of lectins would reduce intestinal permeability and CNS inflammation (WahlsElim version). The purpose of this paper is to review the published research of the low saturated fat (Swank) and the modified Paleolithic (Wahls™) diets and the rationale for the structure of the Swank diet and low lectin version of the Wahls™ diet (WahlsElim) being investigated in the clinical trial.

show abstract

“…Total cholesterol [31] and low density lipoproteins [32] have been positively associated with disability. Lipids were not associated with risk of relapse in 141 Australian pwMS [33] but energy intake from fat and saturated fat were associated with relapse in a pediatric MS study [34,35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient Composition Comparison between the Low Saturated Fat Swank Diet for Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy U.S.-Style Eating Pattern

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an incurable degenerative disease that attacks the central nervous system. Roy Swank proposed a low saturated fat diet to treat MS around 1950 and showed delayed disease progression in his patients. However, there is insufficient evidence to recommend this diet for MS and default dietary recommendations are the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). This study assessed the nutritional adequacy of seven-day menus developed by Swank and their compliance with the DGA; menus were modeled for comparison with the DGA Healthy US-Style Eating Pattern (HEP) for males and females 31–50 years. Swank recommended dietary supplements corrected menu shortfalls in vitamins D, E, calcium, folate and iron but not dietary fiber, potassium and choline. Healthy Eating Index-2015 score for Swank menus (93.2/100) indicated good compliance with the DGA. Nutritional adequacy of the Swank modeled diet was similar to HEP for 17 vitamins and minerals (Mean Adequacy Ratios ≥94%) with similar shortfall nutrients except magnesium (HEP males) and dietary fiber (Swank males). Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 scores for Swank male (90/110) and female (88/110) model diets were similar to HEP. Swank menus have similar nutritional adequacy as HEP. Inclusion of foods high in dietary fiber, potassium and choline may be advised as well as selection of foods to reduce sodium below the Tolerable Upper Intake Level.

show abstract

Diet and disease modification in multiple sclerosis: a nutritional epidemiology perspective

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

A Review of Various Antioxidant Compounds and their Potential Utility as Complementary Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis

A Review of Various Antioxidant Compounds and their Potential Utility as Complementary Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis

Review of Two Popular Eating Plans within the Multiple Sclerosis Community: Low Saturated Fat and Modified Paleolithic

Nutrient Composition Comparison between the Low Saturated Fat Swank Diet for Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy U.S.-Style Eating Pattern

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About