Diet and Exercise for Weight Loss

Bray, George A.

doi:10.1001/jama.2012.7263

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The primary analysis confirms that total dietary energy is the most important dietary variable for weight loss, 2 but does little to clarify on best ways to get there and why. We know from studies using ad libitum dietary approaches that supporting an increased vegetable intake does not reduce energy intake, 30 or compare favourably against a low-kilojoule diet, 11 (and there are challenges in encouraging greater consumption of vegetables).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…2,3 The evidence for the specific impact of vegetables is qualified. The 2013 Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG) review found suggestive evidence that vegetable consumption is associated with a reduced risk of weight gain 4 and the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans found the association was modest, but may be significant in the long term.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Weight loss effects from vegetable intake: a 12-month randomised controlled trial

et al. 2014

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Background/Objectives:Direct evidence for the effects of vegetable intake on weight loss is qualified. The study aimed to assess the effect of higher vegetable consumption on weight loss.Subjects/Methods:A single blind parallel controlled trial was conducted with 120 overweight adults (mean body mass index=29.98 kg/m2) randomised to two energy deficit healthy diet advice groups differing only by doubling the serving (portion) sizes of vegetables in the comparator group. Data were analysed as intention-to-treat using a linear mixed model. Spearmans rho bivariate was used to explore relationships between percentage energy from vegetables and weight loss.Results:After 12 months, the study sample lost 6.5±5.2 kg (P<0.001 time) with no difference between groups (P>0.05 interaction). Both groups increased vegetable intake and lost weight in the first 3 months, and the change in weight was significantly correlated with higher proportions of energy consumed as vegetables (rho=–0.217, P=0.024). Fasting glucose, insulin and triglyceride levels decreased (P<0.001 time) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased (P<0.001 time), with no difference between groups. Weight loss was sustained for 12 months by both groups, but the comparator group reported greater hunger satisfaction (P=0.005).Conclusions:Advice to consume a healthy low-energy diet leads to sustained weight loss, with reductions in cardiovascular disease risk factors regardless of an emphasis on more vegetables. In the short term, consuming a higher proportion of the dietary energy as vegetables may support a greater weight loss and the dietary pattern appears sustainable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight loss effects from vegetable intake: a 12-month randomised controlled trial

et al. 2014

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“…Some studies have suggested that calorie restriction is the primary factor for successful weight loss rather than macronutrients per se (6,19,20). Studies by Dandona and coworkers have demonstrated that hyperglycemia during glucose challenge (21), as well as elevation of free fatty acids (FFAs) by triglyceride infusion (Liposyn; Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, IL) (22) lead to activation of leukocytes and reactive oxygen species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of High-Protein Versus High-Carbohydrate Diets on Markers of β-Cell Function, Oxidative Stress, Lipid Peroxidation, Proinflammatory Cytokines, and Adipokines in Obese, Premenopausal Women Without Diabetes

et al. 2013

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OBJECTIVETo study the effects of high-protein versus high-carbohydrate diets on various metabolic end points (glucoregulation, oxidative stress [dichlorofluorescein], lipid peroxidation [malondialdehyde], proinflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6], adipokines, and resting energy expenditure [REE]) with high protein–low carbohydrate (HP) and high carbohydrate–low protein (HC) diets at baseline and after 6 months of dietary intervention.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe recruited obese, premenopausal women aged 20–50 years with no diabetes or prediabetes who were randomized to HC (55% carbohydrates, 30% fat, and 15% protein) or HP (40% carbohydrates, 30% fat, and 30% protein) diets for 6 months. The diets were provided in prepackaged food, which provided 500 kcal restrictions per day. The above metabolic end points were measured with HP and HC diet at baseline and after 6 months of dietary intervention.RESULTSAfter 6 months of the HP versus HC diet (12 in each group), the following changes were significantly different by Wilcoxon rank sum test for the following parameters: dichlorofluorescein (−0.8 vs. −0.3 µmol/L, P < 0.0001), malondialdehyde (−0.4 vs. −0.2 μmol/L, P = 0.0004), C-reactive protein (−2.1 vs. −0.8 mg/L, P = 0.0003), E-selectin (−8.6 vs. −3.7 ng/mL, P = 0.0007), adiponectin (1,284 vs. 504 ng/mL, P = 0.0011), tumor necrosis factor-α (−1.8 vs. −0.9 pg/mL, P < 0.0001), IL-6 (−1.3 vs. −0.4 pg/mL, P < 0.0001), free fatty acid (−0.12 vs. 0.16 mmol/L, P = 0.0002), REE (259 vs. 26 kcal, P < 0.0001), insulin sensitivity (4 vs. 0.9, P < 0.0001), and β-cell function (7.4 vs. 2.1, P < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONSTo our knowledge, this is the first report on the significant advantages of a 6-month hypocaloric HP diet versus hypocaloric HC diet on markers of β-cell function, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, proinflammatory cytokines, and adipokines in normal, obese females without diabetes.

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“…The negative health consequences of over‐nutrition can be markedly mitigated by a sustained loss of 5–10% of body weight, even if there is a considerable residual excess of body fat. While most people fail to sustain the weight loss on the first attempt, newer methods are being introduced that hold promise .…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urgent call for the third wish

Roth

Holloszy

2013

Diabetes Metabolism Res

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The people afflicted with obesity and its consequences need a menu of low-cost programmes to mitigate the over-nutrition and under-activity that underlie their condition. This editorial commentary points out the multiple merits (and shortcomings) of the Nordic walking - with ski poles - presented in an accompanying article. The Nordic exercise programme is then examined more broadly in the context of the general principles and limitations of exercise programmes - with and without calorie control - as a guide to future innovations.

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Diet and Exercise for Weight Loss

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Weight loss effects from vegetable intake: a 12-month randomised controlled trial

Weight loss effects from vegetable intake: a 12-month randomised controlled trial

Effects of High-Protein Versus High-Carbohydrate Diets on Markers of β-Cell Function, Oxidative Stress, Lipid Peroxidation, Proinflammatory Cytokines, and Adipokines in Obese, Premenopausal Women Without Diabetes

Urgent call for the third wish

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