Diet and Feeding Strategies of the Crested Eagle (Morphnus guianensis) in the Brazilian Amazon

Gomes, Felipe Bittioli R.; Sanaiotti, Tânia Margarete; Bantel, C.G.

doi:10.3356/0892-1016-55.2.211

Cited by 3 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Conversely, the crested eagle may be more reliant on mature forest, possibly associated with their stronger reliance on a diet of arboreal snakes and cavity nesting arboreal birds and mammals (Whitacre et al . 2012; Gomes et al . 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggests that both eagles may struggle to adapt to more fragmented cultivated habitat, particularly for the harpy eagle which does not switch to terrestrial prey in cultivated areas, resulting in a lack of food provisioning for nestlings (Miranda 2021). Conversely, the crested eagle may be more reliant on mature forest, possibly associated with their stronger reliance on a diet of arboreal snakes and cavity nesting arboreal birds and mammals (Whitacre et al 2012;Gomes et al 2021). Even so, this does not consider how this may affect breeding performance, with harpy eagles having lower breeding productivity in fragmented habitats (Miranda et al 2021).…”

Section: Environmental Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, the crested eagle feeds on smaller and more diverse prey than the harpy eagle, mainly arboreal snakes, small primates, opossums, and birds (Bierregaard 1984;Julliot 1994;Robinson 1994; Whitacre et al 2012;Gomes et al 2021), whereas harpy eagle diet is largely comprised of large arboreal mammals, primarily sloths and primates (Aguiar-Silva et al 2014;Miranda 2015). Thus, crested and harpy eagles may be able to co-exist by partitioning food resources, avoiding direct competition (Sanaiotti et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, crested and harpy eagles may be able to co-exist by partitioning food resources, avoiding direct competition (Sanaiotti et al 2015). On a microhabitat scale, the two species may use differing forest canopy strata for breeding and hunting (Gomes et al 2021), with harpy eagles nesting in canopy-emergent trees (Sanaiotti et al 2015;Miranda et al 2020) and crested eagles canopy trees (Bierregaard 1984;Whitacre et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2015). On a microhabitat scale, the two species may use differing forest canopy strata for breeding and hunting (Gomes et al . 2021), with harpy eagles nesting in canopy-emergent trees (Sanaiotti et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Habitat resource overlap in two broad-ranged sympatric Neotropical forest eagles

Sutton

Anderson

Franco

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Quantifying resource partitioning between co-occurring species has important ecological and evolutionary implications. Yet, few studies compare resource overlap in both geographic and environmental space. We test whether the habitat requirements of two closely related Neotropical forest eagles, the crested eagle (Morphnus guianensis) and harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja), differ at fine and coarse resolutions across their shared geographic range. Using landcover and topographic covariates, we quantified resource overlap first using higher resolution (30 arc-sec data) generalized linear models (GLMs), and second using coarser-grain (2.5 arc-min data) environmental ordination. The distribution of both eagles was largely explained by canopy species richness and structural complexity with evergreen forest, but with differing responses to landcover and topography, particularly with the harpy eagle more likely in areas of dense evergreen forest. Both eagles were negatively associated with mosaic forest, with this relationship stronger for the crested eagle. Harpy eagle distribution was restricted by higher elevation and terrain roughness, compared to the crested eagle, whose distribution was more restricted by canopy species richness and structure. From the GLMs, resource overlap was > 92 % in geographical space but reduced to 64 % in environmental space. From ordination, resource overlap was 76 % in environmental space, with randomization tests supporting equivalent environmental space for both eagles. Our results suggest that at the biogeographical scale, crested and harpy eagles share environmental space, but there may be subtle differences in fine-scale habitat preference. We recommend habitat resource overlap be assessed in both geographical and environmental space at multiple resolutions to capture the inherent variability in environmental conditions available to co-occurring species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Habitat resource overlap in two broad-ranged sympatric Neotropical forest eagles

Sutton

Anderson

Franco

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Ecological drivers of breeding periodicity in four forest neotropical eagles

Blank

Guimarães

Nascimento

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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We explore the potential factors that affect clutch initiation in four Neotropical large raptors (Harpy eagle—HE, Crested eagle—CE, Ornate hawk-eagle—OHE, and Black hawk-eagle—BHE) by analyzing 414 clutch events mostly obtained from captive individuals. Differences in how clutch initiation is associated with changes in photoperiod were found between HE and both hawk-eagles, and between CE and BHE. Changes in temperature at the time of clutch initiation only differed between HE and OHE, whereas changes in precipitation varied between BHE and all other species. Principal Component Analysis of these environmental cues showed that ellipses in the dataset of each species overlap, but only ellipses from CE and OHE had the same variation trends. This means that although these species live under similar ecological conditions, they exhibit three different patterns of response to environmental cues. Apparently, these patterns are not associated with phylogenetic relatedness because species belonging to the same clade do not show the same response pattern. Diet diversity analysis revealed that HE has the least varied diet, and CE and OHE the most varied diet. The fact that species who fit the same reproductive timing response to environmental cues show similar diets leads us to hypothesize that breeding in these eagles was most likely shaped by food availability.

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Multi‐scale habitat overlap in two broad‐ranged sympatric Neotropical forest eagles reveals shared environmental space and habitat use

Sutton

Anderson

Franco

et al. 2023

Ibis

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Quantifying resource partitioning between co‐occurring species can provide insight into processes facilitating coexistence by closely related species, a fundamental question in ecology. We tested whether the habitat requirements of two closely related Neotropical forest eagles, the Crested Eagle Morphnus guianensis and Harpy Eagle Harpia harpyja, differ at fine and coarse resolutions across their shared geographical range. Using landcover and topographical covariates, we quantified potential resource overlap first using higher resolution (30 arc‐s, ~ 1‐km2 data) generalized linear models (GLMs), and secondly using coarser‐grain (2.5 arc‐min, ~ 4.5‐km2 data) environmental ordination to capture the potential effect of scale on habitat overlap. The distribution of both eagles was largely explained by canopy tree species richness and canopy structural complexity, with peak suitability of 60–80% evergreen forest cover. Both eagles were negatively associated with mosaic forest and cultivated areas. From the GLMs, habitat overlap was >93% in geographical space but was reduced to 73% when considering environmental space, a proxy for resource overlap. From ordination (principal component analysis), resource overlap was 67% in environmental space, with randomization tests supporting equivalent environmental space for both eagles. Our results suggest that at the continental scale, Crested and Harpy Eagles share identical environmental space when quantified at fine and broad scales, with little difference in distribution and habitat use. At the continental scale used here, both eagles can coexist, presumably with sufficient habitat heterogeneity for coexistence when they occur in close proximity. Therefore, further research is required at the local level to capture fully where coexistence at the local scale is facilitated more by fine‐scale habitat selection, or difference in diet between two species with indistinguishable habitat use.

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Diet and Feeding Strategies of the Crested Eagle (Morphnus guianensis) in the Brazilian Amazon

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Habitat resource overlap in two broad-ranged sympatric Neotropical forest eagles

Habitat resource overlap in two broad-ranged sympatric Neotropical forest eagles

Ecological drivers of breeding periodicity in four forest neotropical eagles

Multi‐scale habitat overlap in two broad‐ranged sympatric Neotropical forest eagles reveals shared environmental space and habitat use

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