Diet and Gut Microbiome and the “Chicken or Egg” Problem

Daniel, Hannelore

doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.828630

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“… 2002 ). Also, both heart rate variability and gut microbiome composition are influenced by BMI and diet (de Lartigue 2016 ; Daniel 2021 ). However, due to the limited sample size of this pilot study, their potential moderating effect was not assessed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac vagal activity is associated with gut-microbiome patterns in women—An exploratory pilot study

Mörkl

Oberascher

Tatschl

et al. 2022

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience

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Introduction A functional reciprocity between the gut microbiome and vagal nerve activity has been suggested, however, human studies addressing this phenomenon are limited. Methods Twenty-four-hour cardiac vagal activity (CVA) was assessed from 73 female participants (aged 24.5 ± 4.3 years). Additionally, stool samples were subjected to 16SrRNA gene analysis (V1–V2). Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) was used to analyse microbiome data. Additionally, inflammatory parameters (such as CRP and IL-6) were derived from serum samples. Results Daytime CVA correlated significantly with gut microbiota diversity ( r sp = 0.254, p = 0.030), CRP ( r sp = −0.348, p = 0.003), and IL-6 ( r sp = −0.320, p = 0.006). When the group was divided at the median of 24 h CVA (Mdn = 1.322), the following features were more abundant in the high CVA group: Clostridia (Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LDA) = 4.195, p = 0.029), Clostridiales (LDA = 4.195, p = 0.029), Lachnospira (LDA = 3.489, p = 0.004), Ruminococcaceae (LDA = 4.073, p = 0.010), Faecalibacterium (LDA = 3.982, p = 0.042), Lactobacillales (LDA = 3.317, p = 0.029), Bacilli (LDA = 3.294, p = 0.0350), Streptococcaceae (LDA = 3.353, p = 0.006), Streptococcus (LDA = 3.332, p = 0.011). Based on Dirichlet multinomial mixtures two enterotypes could be detected, which differed significantly in CVA, age, BMI, CRP, IL-6, and diversity. Conclusions As an indicator of gut-brain communication, gut microbiome analysis could be extended by measurements of CVA to enhance our understanding of signalling via microbiota-gut-brain-axis and its alterations through psychobiotics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac vagal activity is associated with gut-microbiome patterns in women—An exploratory pilot study

Mörkl

Oberascher

Tatschl

et al. 2022

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience

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“…This, at least in part, provides a possible reason for the mild systemic inflammation observed in the peripheral blood of healthy pregnant women [ 19 , 20 ]. It should be mentioned that changes in maternal microbiota composition could be influenced by many patient-related factors (maternal diet, maternal BMI before conception, weight gain during pregnancy, and metabolic diseases) and also by population level (ethnicity, geographic, and environmental factors) [ 7 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 19 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Maternal Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The focus of this review, therefore, is to summarize the main characteristics of maternal gut microbiota and its possible consequences on fetal development and offspring’s health. Besides genetic and environmental factors, nutrition is a key determinant factor affecting the composition and function of gut microbiota; therefore, we will discuss the effects of maternal dietary factors and modulation possibilities on pregnancy microbiota [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Maternal–Fetal Gut Microbiota Axis: Physiological Changes, Dietary Influence, and Modulation Possibilities

Mikó

Császár

Bódis

et al. 2022

Life

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The prenatal period and the first years of life have a significant impact on the health issues and life quality of an individual. The appropriate development of the immune system and the central nervous system are thought to be major critical determining events. In parallel to these, establishing an early intestinal microbiota community is another important factor for future well-being interfering with prenatal and postnatal developmental processes. This review aims at summarizing the main characteristics of maternal gut microbiota and its possible transmission to the offspring, thereby affecting fetal and/or neonatal development and health. Since maternal dietary factors are potential modulators of the maternal–fetal microbiota axis, we will outline current knowledge on the impact of certain diets, nutritional factors, and nutritional modulators during pregnancy on offspring’s microbiota and health.

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“…Thus far most work has focused on the fecal microbiota simply because fecal samples are easy to obtain. On the other hand, the stool microbiome is largely influenced by the intestinal/colonic transit and diet (Daniel, 2022). Consequently, stool may not be representative of microbes colonizing the mucosa usually Limited clinical experience and thus far no formal validation in the relation to the clinical utility.…”

Section: Carbohydrate Malabsorption (Chronic Pancreatitis and Coeliac...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and Future Approaches for Diagnosing Small Intestinal Dysbiosis in Patients With Symptoms of Functional Dyspepsia

2022

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The development and application of next generation sequencing technologies for clinical gastroenterology research has provided evidence that microbial dysbiosis is of relevance for the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal diseases. Microbial dysbiosis is characterized as alterations of diversity, function, and density of the intestinal microbes. Emerging evidence suggests that alterations of the gastrointestinal microbiome are important for the pathophysiology of a variety of functional gastrointestinal conditions, e.g., irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD), also known as disorders of brain-gut axis interaction. Clinicians have for many years recognized that small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is typified by a microbial dysbiosis that is underpinned by abnormal bacterial loads in these sites. SIBO presents with symptoms which overlap with symptoms of FD and IBS, point toward the possibility that SIBO is either the cause or the consequence of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). More recently, new terms including “intestinal methanogen overgrowth” and “small intestinal fungal overgrowth” have been introduced to emphasize the contribution of methane production by archea and fungi in small intestinal dysbiosis. There is emerging data that targeted antimicrobial treatment of SIBO in patients with FD who simultaneously may or may not have IBS, results in symptom improvement and normalization of positive breath tests. However, the association between SIBO and FGIDs remains controversial, since widely accepted diagnostic tests for SIBO are lacking. Culture of jejunal fluid aspirate has been proposed as the “traditional gold standard” for establishing the diagnosis of SIBO. Utilizing jejunal fluid culture, the results can potentially be affected by cross contamination from oropharyngeal and luminal microbes, and there is controversy regarding the best cut off values for SIBO diagnosis. Thus, it is rarely used in routine clinical settings. These limitations have led to the development of breath tests, which when compared with the “traditional gold standard,” have sub-optimal sensitivity and specificity for SIBO diagnosis. With newer diagnostic approaches–based upon applications of the molecular techniques there is an opportunity to characterize the duodenal and colonic mucosa associated microbiome and associated gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with various gastrointestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Furthermore, the role of confounders like psychological co-morbidities, medications, dietary practices, and environmental factors on the gastrointestinal microbiome in health and disease also needs to be explored.

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Diet and Gut Microbiome and the “Chicken or Egg” Problem

Cited by 12 publications

References 61 publications

Cardiac vagal activity is associated with gut-microbiome patterns in women—An exploratory pilot study

Cardiac vagal activity is associated with gut-microbiome patterns in women—An exploratory pilot study

The Maternal–Fetal Gut Microbiota Axis: Physiological Changes, Dietary Influence, and Modulation Possibilities

Current and Future Approaches for Diagnosing Small Intestinal Dysbiosis in Patients With Symptoms of Functional Dyspepsia

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