Diet and gut microbiome in gastrointestinal disease

Trakman, Gina L.; Fehily, Sasha; Basnayake, Chamara; Hamilton, Amy L.; Russell, Erin; Wilson-O’Brien, Amy; Kamm, Michael A.

doi:10.1111/jgh.15728

Cited by 47 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…Gut microbiota has emerged as a main regulator for many GI functions as well as a major player for maintaining a healthy GI function [ 91 , 92 ]; thus, any hormone/peptide able to regulate microbiota composition may have an impact on GI physiology.…”

Section: Adrenomedullin/pamp’s Roles In the Digestive System Under Ph...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adrenomedullin: Not Just Another Gastrointestinal Peptide

Martínez-Herrero

Martı́nez

2022

Biomolecules

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Adrenomedullin (AM) and proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP) are two bioactive peptides derived from the same precursor with several biological functions including vasodilation, angiogenesis, or anti-inflammation, among others. AM and PAMP are widely expressed throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract where they behave as GI hormones, regulating numerous physiological processes such as gastric emptying, gastric acid release, insulin secretion, bowel movements, or intestinal barrier function. Furthermore, it has been recently demonstrated that AM/PAMP have an impact on gut microbiome composition, inhibiting the growth of bacteria related with disease and increasing the number of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium. Due to their wide functions in the GI tract, AM and PAMP are involved in several digestive pathologies such as peptic ulcer, diabetes, colon cancer, or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). AM is a key protective factor in IBD onset and development, as it regulates cytokine production in the intestinal mucosa, improves vascular and lymphatic regeneration and function and mucosal epithelial repair, and promotes a beneficial gut microbiome composition. AM and PAMP are relevant GI hormones that can be targeted to develop novel therapeutic agents for IBD, other GI disorders, or microbiome-related pathologies.

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Section: Adrenomedullin/pamp’s Roles In the Digestive System Under Ph...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adrenomedullin: Not Just Another Gastrointestinal Peptide

Martínez-Herrero

Martı́nez

2022

Biomolecules

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“…The GM with its potential to engage both innate and adaptive immune responses [ 76 , 77 ], is, therefore an obvious target for manipulation in regard to optimizing vaccine strategies. Diet is a strong modulator of the GM [ 13 ], and therefore diet and indirectly factors such as geographical habitat need consideration in the development of vaccines in studies in mice as well as in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A core GM is established in early life through contact with the mother, early life diet, and extrinsic factors [ 10 ]. Later in life, the GM composition and development of both humans and mice is to a large extent influenced by extrinsic factors with diet being among the most important ones [ 11 – 13 ]. Diet with reduced amounts or no gluten changes the GM composition in both humans [ 14 ] and mice [ 15 – 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of gluten-free diet and antibiotics on murine gut microbiota and immune response to tetanus vaccination

et al. 2022

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The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of a gluten-free diet and/or antibiotics on tetanus vaccine induced immunoglobulin G titers and immune cell levels in BALB/c mice. The gluten-free diet was associated with a reduced anti-tetanus IgG response, and it increased the relative abundance of the anti-inflammatory Bifidobacterium significantly in some of the mice. Antibiotics also led to gut microbiota changes and lower initial vaccine titer. After a second vaccination, neither gluten-free diet nor antibiotics reduced the titers. In the spleen, the gluten-free diet significantly increased regulatory T cell (Treg) fractions, CD4+ T cell activation, and tolerogenic dendritic cell fractions and activation, which extend the downregulating effect of the Treg. Therefore, the systemic effect of the gluten-free diet seems mainly tolerogenic. Antibiotics reduced the fractions of CD4+ T and B cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes. These results suggest that vaccine response in mice is under influence of their diet, the gut microbiota and the interplay between them. However, a gluten-free diet seems to work through mechanisms different from those induced by antibiotics. Therefore, diet should be considered when testing vaccines in mice and developing vaccines for humans.

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“…Food matrix changes can also alter nutrient bioavailability, and the harm from UPFs may come from the fact that they tend to be more hyperglycaemic than MPFs [ 53 , 54 ]. Besides the nutritional quality of UPFs and degradation of the food matrix, the additive content and excessive heat treatment of UPFs have also been proposed to lead to changes in gut microbiota and promote inflammation [ 56 , 57 ].…”

Section: Mechanisms and Current Debates Around Ultra-processing: Correlation Or Causation?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Diet Quality in Mediating the Association between Ultra-Processed Food Intake, Obesity and Health-Related Outcomes: A Review of Prospective Cohort Studies

2021

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Prospective cohort studies show that higher intakes of ultra-processed food (UPF) increase the risk of obesity and obesity-related outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and type 2 diabetes. Whether ultra-processing itself is detrimental, or whether UPFs just have a lower nutritional quality, is debated. Higher UPF intakes are inversely associated with fruit, vegetables, legumes and seafood consumption. Therefore, the association between UPFs and poor health could simply be from excess nutrient intake or from a less healthful dietary pattern. If so, adjustment for dietary quality or pattern should explain or greatly reduce the size of the significant associations between UPFs and health-related outcomes. Here, we provide an overview of the literature and by using a novel approach, review the relative impact of adjusting for diet quality/patterns on the reported associations between UPF intake and health-related outcomes in prospective cohort studies. We find that the majority of the associations between UPFs, obesity and health-related outcomes remain significant and unchanged in magnitude after adjustment for diet quality or pattern. Our findings suggest that the adverse consequences of UPFs are independent of dietary quality or pattern, questioning the utility of reformulation to mitigate against the obesity pandemic and wider negative health outcomes of UPFs.

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Diet and gut microbiome in gastrointestinal disease

Cited by 47 publications

References 53 publications

Adrenomedullin: Not Just Another Gastrointestinal Peptide

Adrenomedullin: Not Just Another Gastrointestinal Peptide

Effect of gluten-free diet and antibiotics on murine gut microbiota and immune response to tetanus vaccination

The Role of Diet Quality in Mediating the Association between Ultra-Processed Food Intake, Obesity and Health-Related Outcomes: A Review of Prospective Cohort Studies

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