Diet and host–microbial crosstalk in postnatal intestinal immune homeostasis

Jain, Nitya; Walker, W. Allan

doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2014.153

Cited by 86 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…However, the existence of major functional differences across species has warranted human studies to confirm the relevance of findings from mouse models. Detailed reviews on the development of mucosal immune defenses during ontogeny have been published elsewhere [39][40][41]. However, additional relevant studies performed in the context of neonatal sepsis have been undertaken and are discussed here.…”

Section: Development Of Mucosal Immune Defensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Immunological Perspective on Neonatal Sepsis

Kan

Razzaghian

Lavoie

2016

Trends in Molecular Medicine

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Despite concerted international efforts, mortality from neonatal infections remains unacceptably high in some areas of the world, particularly for premature infants. Recent developments in flow cytometry and next-generation sequencing technologies have led to major discoveries over the past few years, providing a more integrated understanding of the developing human immune system in the context of its microbial environment. We review these recent findings, focusing on how in human newborns incomplete maturation of the immune system before a full term of gestation impacts on their vulnerability to infection. We also discuss some of the clinical implications of this research in guiding the design of more-accurate age-adapted diagnostic and preventive strategies for neonatal sepsis.

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Section: Development Of Mucosal Immune Defensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Immunological Perspective on Neonatal Sepsis

Kan

Razzaghian

Lavoie

2016

Trends in Molecular Medicine

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“…In addition, probiotics may directly antagonize pathogens by out-competing them for nutrition and physical space. 113,114 One of the important cyto-protective effects is to secure epithelial tight junction integrity thereby preserving mucosal barrier function. Especially the combination of lactobacillus and bifidobacteria has been shown to restore tight junction barrier integrity, as well as attenuate the HPA axis and autonomic nervous system activity.…”

Section: Probiotics and Ibsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irritable bowel syndrome, the microbiota and the gut-brain axis

Raskov¹,

et al. 2016

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Irritable bowel syndrome is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder and it is now evident that irritable bowel syndrome is a multi-factorial complex of changes in microbiota and immunology. The bidirectional neurohumoral integrated communication between the microbiota and the autonomous nervous system is called the gut-brain-axis, which integrates brain and GI functions, such as gut motility, appetite and weight. The gut-brain-axis has a central function in the perpetuation of irritable bowel syndrome and the microbiota plays a critical role. The purpose of this article is to review recent research concerning the epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome, influence of microbiota, probiota, gut-brainaxis, and possible treatment modalities on irritable bowel syndrome. The integrated actions and communication between the microbiota and the autonomous nervous system are central players in the perpetuation of IBS symptoms. This signaling pathway is called the GutBrain Axis (GBA). The GBA is a bidirectional neurohumoral communication system that integrates brain and GI functions, such as gut motility, appetite and weightand here the microbiota plays a critical role. 2Changes in gastrointestinal or central nervous system physiology may result in an altered habitat, which again may cause changes in the composition of the microbiota.Disruption of the physiologic symbiotic relationship (eubiosis) between the human host and the microbiota is called dysbiosis and is regarded a basic factor for initiating and maintaining IBS in the majority of patients. Current evidence has suggested that the dysbiosis observed in IBS and the resulting immunological response may drive and perpetuate gastrointestinal symptoms of IBS suggesting that IBS is in fact a disorder of the microbiota and the GBA. It is unclear whether the initiating factor is brain abnormalities that drive the gut changes or if changes in the gut alter brain function through vagal and sympathetic pathways.3,4 The purpose of this article is to review recent research concerning the influence of microbiota and gut-brain-axis on IBS. IBSIt is estimated that approximately 10% of the World population and 15% of the population in the Western World suffer from IBS characterized by a mixture of recurrent abdominal pain, bloating, changing stool consistency such as diarrhea (IBS-D), constipation (IBS-C), or interchanging diarrhea and constipation (mixed-type or IBS-M), mucus secretion, and nausea. 5,6 Community-based data indicate that IBS-M is the most prevalent type followed by IBS-D and IBS-C and that switching among subtypes occurs. Bloating is the most prevalent symptom reported by 96% of patients with IBS of whatever subgroup. 7 In addition to abdominal symptoms, poor sleep, headache, CONTACT Hans Raskov raskov@mail.dk Lundevangsvej 23, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark. Color versions of one or more of the figures in the article can be found online at www.tandfonline.com/kgmi.

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“…Многочисленные исследования показывают, что тип питания оказывает существенное влияние на состав микробиоты у детей. Так, в исследовани-ях [12][13][14] отмечается, что у детей, получавших грудное вскармливание, доминировали бифидо-бактерии и энтеробактерии, при искусственном вскармливании таксономическое разнообразие и количественное содержание Clostridium difficile и таких родов, как: Bacteroides spp., Prevotella spp. и Lactobacillus spp.…”

Section: Actinobacteriaunclassified