Diet and Irritable Bowel Syndrome, with a Focus on Appetite-Regulating Gut Hormones

Gundersen, Doris; Hatlebakk, Jan Gunnar; Hausken, Trygve

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407869-7.00001-5

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 196 publications

(225 reference statements)

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“…Oxyntomodulin has an incretin effect, inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretions, and reduces gastric motility ( 8 ). PYY and oxyntomodulin have been previously observed to exhibit anorexigenic effects ( 72 ), and the present observation of increased PYY and oxyntomodulin cell densities is in agreement with previous observations in UC and IL-2 gene knockout mice ( 10 , 59 ). Whereas the increase in the oxyntomodulin cell density identified is in line with previous observations in IL-2 knockout mice, it disagrees with observations in UC, where oxyntomodulin cell density was unchanged ( 10 , 59 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Abnormalities in endocrine and immune cells are correlated in dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced colitis in rats

Hatlebakk

Gilja

2016

Molecular Medicine Reports

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The interaction between the gut hormones and the immune system has been suggested to serve an important role in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease. The aims of the present study were to elucidate the possible abnormalities in the colonic endocrine cells in rats with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, and to determine whether they are correlated with alterations in the immune cells. A total of 24 male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: Control and DSS-induced colitis. Colonic tissues were harvested via postmortem laparotomy from all of the animals at the end of the experimental period, and fixed and sectioned for histology. The colonic endocrine and immune cells in those tissue samples were immunostained and their densities quantified by computerized image analysis. The densities of chromogranin A, serotonin, peptide YY and oxyntomodulin cells were significantly higher, and those of pancreatic peptide and somatostatin cells were lower in rats with DSS-induced colitis than in the controls. The densities of mucosal leukocytes, T and B lymphocytes, macrophages/monocytes, and mast cells were significantly higher than in the controls, and these changes were closely associated with the aforementioned changes in all endocrine cell types. These observations indicate an interaction between intestinal hormones and the immune system as represented by immune cells.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Abnormalities in endocrine and immune cells are correlated in dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced colitis in rats

Hatlebakk

Gilja

2016

Molecular Medicine Reports

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“…The intake of a low-fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) diet reportedly improves both symptoms and the quality of life in 50% to 76% of IBS patients (Table 1) [16,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. Two recent systematic reviews of randomized trials produced significant evidence for the shortterm benefits of a low-FODMAP diet on GI symptoms and quality of life in patients with IBS [39,40].…”

Section: Diet In the Management Of Ibsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of diet in the pathophysiology and management of irritable bowel syndrome

Patcharatrakul

Gonlachanvit

2021

Indian J Gastroenterol

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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disorder that reportedly affects 5% to 20% of the world population. The etiology of IBS is not completely understood, but diet appears to play an important role in its pathophysiology. Asian diets differ considerably from those in Western countries, which might explain differences in the prevalence, sex, and clinical presentation seen between patients with IBS in Asian and Western countries. Dietary regimes such as a low-fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) diet and the modified National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) diet improve both symptoms and the quality of life in a considerable proportion of IBS patients. It has been speculated that diet is a prebiotic for the intestinal microbiota and favors the growth of certain bacteria. These bacteria ferment the dietary components, and the products of fermentation act upon intestinal stem cells to influence their differentiation into enteroendocrine cells. The resulting low density of enteroendocrine cells accompanied by low levels of certain hormones gives rise to intestinal dysmotility, visceral hypersensitivity, and abnormal secretion. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that changing to a low-FODMAP diet restores the density of GI cells to the levels in healthy subjects. These changes in gut endocrine cells caused by low-FODMAP diet are also accompanied by improvements in symptoms and the quality of life.

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“…It affects 4–20% of the population. Its typical symptoms usually appear after the intake of FODMAP-containing food products and include abdominal discomfort and stomachache, accompanied by flatulence, constipation or diarrhea [ 11 , 12 ]. Simple sugars and polyols exhibit a stronger osmotic effect, whereas saccharides such as fructans, FOSs and GOSs are more susceptible to fermentation by the intestinal microbiome [ 8 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Inoculated Lactic Acid Fermentation on the Fermentable Saccharides and Polyols, Polyphenols and Antioxidant Activity Changes in Wheat Sourdough

et al. 2021

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Inoculation of sourdough allows the fermentation medium to be dominated by desired microorganisms, which enables determining the kinetics of the conversion of chemical compounds by individual microorganisms. This knowledge may allow the design of functional food products with health features dedicated to consumers with special needs. The aim of the study was to assess the dynamics of transformations of fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide and polyol (FODMAP) compounds from wheat flour as well as their antioxidant activity during inoculated and spontaneous sourdough fermentation. The FODMAP content in grain products was determined by the fructan content with negligible amounts of sugars and polyols. To produce a low-FODMAP cereal product, the fermentation time is essential. The 72 h fermentation time of L. plantarum-inoculated sourdough reduced the FODMAP content by 91%. The sourdough fermentation time of at least 72 h also positively influenced the content of polyphenols and antioxidant activity, regardless of the type of fermentation. The inoculation of both L. plantarum and L. casei contributed to a similar degree to the reduction in FODMAP in sourdough compared to spontaneous fermentation.

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Diet and Irritable Bowel Syndrome, with a Focus on Appetite-Regulating Gut Hormones

Cited by 9 publications

References 196 publications

Abnormalities in endocrine and immune cells are correlated in dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced colitis in rats

Abnormalities in endocrine and immune cells are correlated in dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced colitis in rats

The role of diet in the pathophysiology and management of irritable bowel syndrome

Effect of Inoculated Lactic Acid Fermentation on the Fermentable Saccharides and Polyols, Polyphenols and Antioxidant Activity Changes in Wheat Sourdough

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