Diet and Oral Health in Captive Amur Tigers (Panthera tigris altaica)

Haberstroh, L. I.; Ullrey, D. E.; Sikarski, J. G.; Richter, N. A.; Colmery, B. H.; Myers, T. D.

doi:10.2307/20094710

Cited by 26 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Therefore, unnatural food items may inhibit expression of appetitive behaviors involved in the acquisition of food [Lindburg, 1988], resulting in aberrant behaviors [Shepherdson et al, 1993], deterioration of oral health [Fitch and Fagan, 1982;Vosburgh et al, 1982;Haberstroh et al, 1984;Bond and Lindburg, 1990], and alteration of skeletal morphology [see the review O'Regan and Kitchener, 2005]. Supplementing the diet with more natural foods is a form of enrichment that can promote natural foraging strategies [Lindburg, 1988], may prevent physiological and morphological changes in captive animals [O'Regan and Kitchener, 2005], and can reduce abnormal behaviors [Shepherdson et al, 1993].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of several types of enrichment for captive felids

2007

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Enrichment can increase the complexity of the captive environment and possibly enhance captive animals' well-being by stimulating active behaviors and reducing stereotypical behaviors commonly seen in zoo felids. In this study, three different enrichment items were added to outdoor enclosures of felids at the Montgomery Zoo to test their effects on activity levels and stereotypic pacing. Bones, frozen fish, and spices (cinnamon, chili powder, and cumin) were presented over a 3-month period to six species of felids: cheetah, cougar, jaguar, lion, ocelot, and tiger. Proportion of time spent engaging in active behaviors and stereotypic pacing were compared before, during, and after treatments. All treatments resulted in a significant increase in activity level from baseline (bones: +15.59%; frozen fish: +35.7%; spices: +12.38%). Effects of enrichment items on activity levels were not sustained 7 days after removal. Proportion of time spent pacing significantly decreased during presentation of spices (-21.25%) and frozen fish (-26.58%), but not with the addition of bones. However, only the effect of frozen fish on stereotypic behavior was sustained 7 days after removal of the enrichment item. In conclusion, bones, spices, and frozen fish are inexpensive and easy-to-administer enrichment items that may be used to increase active behaviors of captive felids. Zoo Biol 26:371-381, 2007. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of several types of enrichment for captive felids

2007

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“…Nevertheless, the choice for kibbles must consider factors such as dental health (Haberstroh et al 1984), behavior, and welfare (Bond & Lindburg 1990), or the use of animals involved in rehabilitation programs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of methods for determination of nutrient digestibility of a dry kibble diet for ocelots

et al. 2013

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Pesq. Vet. Bras. 33(Supl.1):71-74, dezembro 2013 71 RESUMO.-[Comparação de métodos para estimar coeficientes de digestibilidade de uma ração comercial de gatos-domésticos para jaguatiricas.] Neste experimento foram comparados os métodos de coleta total de fezes (CT) e de indicadores internos (cinza insolúvel em ácido -CIA, fibra bruta -FB e fibra em detergente ácido -FDA) na determinação dos coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) da matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE), extrativo não nitrogenado (ENN) e energia bruta (EB) de uma ração comercial de gatos-domésticos para jaguatiricas (Leopardus pardalis). Seis animais adultos com peso de 12,45 ± 1,37 kg receberam gradativamente a ração experimental na dieta habitual até o início do experimento e foram submetidos a um período de adaptação de 10 dias anteriores ao período de coleta. Os CDA obtidos pela CT, CIA, FB e FDA foram, respectivamente de 73,70; 76,83; 62,01 e 46,03% para matéria seca, 81,9; 84,8; 75,8 e 63,8% para proteína bruta, 85,0; 86,7; 78,5 In this experiment, methods of total fecal collection (TFC) and internal markers (acid-insoluble ash -AIA, crude fiber -CF, and acid-detergent fiber -ADF) were compared for determination of the coefficients of apparent digestibility (CAD) for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), nitrogen-free extracts (NFE), and gross energy (GE) of commercial feline dry kibble for ocelots (Leopardus pardalis). Six adult animals, weighing 12.45±1.37 kg, gradually received experimental kibble in their usual diet until the beginning of the experiment and were submitted to an adaptation period ten days prior to the collection period. CAD obtained by TFC, AIA, CF, and ADF were, respectively, 73.7, 76.83, 62.01, and 46.03% for dry matter; 81.9, 84.8, 75.8, and 63.8% for crude protein; 85, 86.7, 78.5, and 69.1% for ether extract; 78.52, 79.55, 69.11, and 53.04% for nitrogen-free extracts; and 80.5, 82.2, 71.4, and 58.4% for gross energy. The AIA method showed to be efficient in determining coefficients of apparent digestibility and may contribute to investigations on the digestibility of diets for wild felines. In comparison to the items of ocelot's usual diet, the kibble used in this paper provided an adequate nutritional supply with reduced daily costs per animal.INDEX TERMS: Leopardus pardalis, acid insoluble ash, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber, total fecal collection.

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“…Additionally, calculus deposits noticeably progress with age in the koala, this observation has been made in other species. (Haberstroh et al, 1984) The captive oral cavity had halitosis but unlike the free-range koala, the smell was not associated with compacted vegetation or bone loss sites. Gingivitis occurred in 61% of the captive population, it was reported as generally a mild condition equally dispersed throughout both jaws.…”

Section: 5mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Colyer regarded bone destruction in herbivores to be more rapid due to compacted material and shape of the teeth. (Colyer, 1930) Increased sulcus depth between 6 -10mm was found in captive amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) (Haberstroh et al, 1984). The Capuchin monkey (Cebus paella) has reported rates of 72% for calculus, 66% for gingivitis and 57% periodontal disease (Fecchio et al, 2008, Fecchio et al, 2006.…”

Section: 5mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gingivitis occurred in 61% of the captive population, it was reported as generally a mild condition equally dispersed throughout both jaws. Dental disease has been identified as linked to systemic diseases in animals (Bourne et al, 2010, Haberstroh et al, 1984. Spontaneous bleeding which occurred in the captive colonies often showed underlying presence of lymphatic neoplastic disease.…”

Section: 5mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral health in South East Queensland Koalas: Prevalence of periodontal disease and other pathologies

Pettett¹

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The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) is one of Australia's most highly specialised folivores with a diet exclusively of eucalyptus leaves to provide all nutritive needs. For this it is dependent on good dentition for optimal health and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to characterise and describe the level of oral health and disease in koalas and then create tools for ongoing analysis.The historical records over a 17-year period were noted for the koalas admitted to the Moggill Koala Hospital in South East Queensland. Further, in this study the conclusions were that oral health issues when they existed were only being identified as "low key" due to the lack of investigative tools being used during examinations. This provided the reasoning and impetus behind developing tools to determine the true extent of oral health conditions in the koala. A suitable assessment tool for diagnosing the oral health was designed based on the index scoring methodology and the layout of the Moggill Koala Hospital admission chart, a new oral health chart template was developed. The chart was based on examination of 30 "free-range koalas" and validation and quality assurance analysis of four examiners of varying qualifications. The chart was separated into three sections; containing general animal information such as sex, age, and current systemic health; the General Oral Cavity section and containing information on 12 koala-specific health questions and finally a section on the periodontal health. The charting data is multifunctional with analysis of individual koalas, (sex, group or age). The data from each section provided an index value that was compatible with values from other species clinical charting systems.Using the chart, populations of 200 "free-range" and 95 captive koalas (from three zoos) were examined. Three major indexes were developed during the chart development process and used the following equation; General Oral Cavity (GOCI) + Oral Health Index (OHI) = Final Oral Health Index (FOHI). Initially, the three major index values plus all additional information of each chart were analysed to show the current baseline values of oral health conditions in the koala. Any ii comparison based on singular or multiple animals would either show a decline, same rate or increase from the baseline. These baseline parameters could be compared against any other species that uses the same 0-3 index system.The proportion of koalas from the whole population with an orally related problem was 86%.The average FOHI for the koala as a species was 3.78 ± 3.19, median 3.00. This is the mild category and held 84.5% of all cases. The maximum scores for the groups showed Zoo 3 as having lower range (Zoo 1; 11.42 for a TWC 1 male, Zoo 2; 13.40, Zoo 3; 4.13 and "free-range"; 15.98). The third zoo was the only group to have also had significantly better oral health than "free-range" koalas.Captive koalas showed high scoring at young age (11.42), the "free-range" comparable age score was 3.84. At population level when controlli...

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Diet and Oral Health in Captive Amur Tigers (Panthera tigris altaica)

Cited by 26 publications

References 6 publications

Comparison of several types of enrichment for captive felids

Comparison of several types of enrichment for captive felids

Comparison of methods for determination of nutrient digestibility of a dry kibble diet for ocelots

Oral health in South East Queensland Koalas: Prevalence of periodontal disease and other pathologies

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