Diet in an urban Papua New Guinea population with high levels of cardiovascular risk factors

Hodge, Allison; Montgomery, J; Dowse, Gary K.; Mavo, B.; Watt, Tahlia; Alpers, Michael P.; Zimmet, Paul

doi:10.1080/03670244.1996.9991500

Cited by 9 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…For instance, Ferro-Luzzi & Martino (1996) suggested that a PAL of 1´8 was the threshold for triggering such diseases. Fat intake in urban subjects, which was markedly higher than that of rural subjects, was comparable with that in subjects from a PNG coastal population (Wanigela) who migrated to a settlement in Port Moresby (men 71 g/d, women 65 g/d), and the fat consumed was reported to be predominantly saturated fat (Hodge et al 1996). Taking into consideration that more than 60 % of the fat intake of Fig.…”

Section: Energy Balance and Methodological Assessmentssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…The results of the food and nutrient intake survey demonstrated a well-maintained daily energy balance, especially in urban subjects. However, low TEI and TEE, which were observed in urban subjects, are considered to be risk factors for obesity and cardiovascular disorders (King & Collins, 1989;Dowse et al 1994;Hodge et al 1995). For instance, Ferro-Luzzi & Martino (1996) suggested that a PAL of 1´8 was the threshold for triggering such diseases.…”

Section: Energy Balance and Methodological Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-communicable diseases such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disorders have long been the main health problems in developed countries, while in recent decades the prevalence of these diseases and their antecedent risk factors have rapidly increased in developing countries, known as`health transition' (Sinnett et al 1992;Taylor et al 1992;Hodge et al 1996). These changes are caused to a large extent by Westernised dietary changes and a reduction in daily physical activity in relation to socioeconomic and living environmental conditions (King & Collins, 1989;Dowse et al 1994;Hodge et al 1995).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Influence of urbanisation on physical activity and dietary changes in Huli-speaking population: a comparative study of village dwellers and migrants in urban settlements

2001

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The influence of urbanisation on physical activity and dietary changes was examined in a Papua New Guinea Highland population. Adult male and female subjects (n 56) were selected, including twenty-seven rural villagers and twenty-nine urban migrants. BMR was calculated from values measured in similar samples of Huli-speaking population, according to gender and body weight. Total daily energy expenditure (TEE) was assessed by 24 h heart rate (HR) monitoring (flex-HR method) and physical activity level (PAL) calculation was based on BMR. Energy, protein and fat intakes were measured by weighing food on a single day. Urban subjects were heavier and taller than their rural counterparts; significant differences were found in stature in men P , 0´05 and body weight in women P , 0´05X Urban subjects had longer sedentary periods HR # flex-HR) and shorter active periods HR . flex-HR) than rural subjects. Consequently, the former had lower TEE and PAL than the latter; significant differences were found in women (TEE, P , 0´05Y PAL, P , 0´01 but not in men. Total daily energy intake and TEE were well balanced (,7 %) in all groups, whereas protein and fat intakes were considerably higher in urban subjects than rural subjects. Reduced PAL and increased fat intake by urban dwellers may increase the risks of obesity and chronic degenerative diseases.

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Section: Energy Balance and Methodological Assessmentssupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Energy Balance and Methodological Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of urbanisation on physical activity and dietary changes in Huli-speaking population: a comparative study of village dwellers and migrants in urban settlements

2001

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“…Houses are built by the migrants themselves using second-hand or makeshift materials. Most migrants are unable to secure jobs in the formal sector, and thus depend for their livelihood on income from informal sector jobs such as collection of empty bottles and selling betel nuts, cigarettes, and/or cooked meat in markets or settlements (Hodge et al, 1996;Yamauchi et al, 2000b).…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and subsistence pattern of the Huli, a Papua New Guinea Highland population

Yamauchi

Umezaki

Ohtsuka

2001

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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Several studies on human energetics have been conducted in developed and developing countries, but very few simultaneously measured time use and energy expenditure. Only a few quantitatively compared subsistence patterns between rural and urban dwellers of an identical population. Here we present the daily physical activity level (PAL), physical exertion, time, and energy expenditure in contrasting subsistence/occupational activities of Papua New Guinea Highlanders, comparing 27 rural villagers (15 men, 12 women) who maintained traditional subsistence agriculture, with 29 urban migrants (14 men, 15 women) who engaged in cash-earning work. A large sex inequality in the division of labor was noted between rural males and females, but not among urban dwellers. Rural-urban comparison indicated sex differences in urbanization. For urban men, the reduction of physical exertion level during work, from energy-consuming agricultural work to sedentary cash-earning work, together with significantly extended work time (by 261 min/day, P < 0.001), led to an increase in work energy expenditure (15-29% of PAL). In contrast, urban women who spent almost equal time at work relative to rural women showed a lower energy expenditure (18% compared to 26% of PAL). The associations with urbanization included a gain in body weight (by 6.4 kg for either sex) and reduced PAL (by 7%, not significant in men; 13%, P < 0.01 in women). Further research is needed to elucidate the effects of urbanization on time use, energy expenditure, and PAL, by comparing rural residents with urban migrants in the same population.

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“…The end of colonial rule and independence for PNG in 1975 marked the beginning of more intense economic activity, accompanied by increased urban drift, the expansion of urban townships and cities, and the launch of the mining and logging industries [88,89]. These intensified economic activities further increased the variety of imported processed food, such as sweetened beverages, and more animal fats and vegetable oils, but may not have penetrated into rural areas as noted by Hodge [90,91].…”

Section: Patterns and Practices And Associated Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition Transition in Papua New Guinea (PNG): An Assessment of the Nutrition Transition for Three Diverse Populations, Including the Contributing Factors, Food Insecurity, and Health Risks

Vengiau¹

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Background Nutrition transition refers to changes in diets and physical activity patterns as countries undergo economic growth, urbanisation with increased reliance on the global food supply. It is associated with a rapid increase in obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Although NCDs are increasing worldwide, the rise in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) has become more rapid, with greater implications because of the double burden of diseases with the concurrent burden of infectious diseases. In high income or developed countries this phenomenon is well established. Unfortunately, information from LIMCs are more limited and are intertwined with food insecurity issues. In Papua New Guinea (PNG) studies that explore such important issues are scarce especially at this crucial period when the country is experiencing rapid transformation due to economic development. This research explores the nutrition transition in PNG by investigating dietary and physical activity patterns to provide an insight into characteristics of changes and their effects on health outcomes. Processes and Methods of Data Collection There are two main components to this research. The first is development and validation of data collection methods and confirmation of survey processes. The second component is a population survey of adults that explored the diets, physical activity (PA) and food insecurity across sites selected to provide a sample of populations (Highland and Coastal, rural and peri-urban) affected to a varying extent by major projects and economic development. The first component was undertaken in four study sites (Asaro, Karkar, Hides/Komo and Hiri) to document dietary patterns and practices, and develop the dietary data collection methods and interview aids. This included participatory and in-depth interviews to establish a rich base of qualitative dietary data on diet. The 24-hour recall method was trialled for quantitative dietary data collection and protocols developed. This component also included a tracing study of adult participants in the Asaro and Hiri sites was undertaken to establish common activities to construct the PNG-Physical Activity Questionnaire (PNG-PAQ). This was validated in a separate sample against an accelerometer. The food insecurity questions were based on the eight-statement food insecurity measure for Maori and Pacific Islanders in New Zealand and tested across the four sites. The second component was undertaken in a representative sample of adults from Asaro, Karkar, and Hiri. The 24-hour recall method, PNG-PAQ and food insecurity questions were asked through interview. Demographic and socioeconomic data were available through the routine demographic surveillance undertaken for these sites. vii Financial support This PhD placement at the School of Public Health under the Faculty of Medicine was made possible by the Australian Awards Scholarship. I thank the Australian Government and the people of Australia for this opportunity.

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Diet in an urban Papua New Guinea population with high levels of cardiovascular risk factors

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Influence of urbanisation on physical activity and dietary changes in Huli-speaking population: a comparative study of village dwellers and migrants in urban settlements

Influence of urbanisation on physical activity and dietary changes in Huli-speaking population: a comparative study of village dwellers and migrants in urban settlements

Physical activity and subsistence pattern of the Huli, a Papua New Guinea Highland population

Nutrition Transition in Papua New Guinea (PNG): An Assessment of the Nutrition Transition for Three Diverse Populations, Including the Contributing Factors, Food Insecurity, and Health Risks

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