Diet in Parkinson's Disease: Critical Role for the Microbiome

Jackson, Aeja; Forsyth, Christopher B.; Shaikh, Maliha; Voigt, Robin M.; Engen, Phillip A.; Ramirez, Vivian; Keshavarzian, Ali

doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.01245

Cited by 102 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 323 publications

(390 reference statements)

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“…As might be expected, exenatide has shown utility in rodent PD models [148][149][150][151][152][153][154]. While this agent might have some potential in PD therapy, dietary measures which amplify GLP-1 production by the intestinal ileum may have preventive value [155][156][157][158][159]. Notably, short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate produced by bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber in the lower small intestine evoke increased release of GLP-1 into the circulation [160].…”

Section: Blocking Induction Of Inos-ferulic Acid Dha Vitamin D Taumentioning

confidence: 96%

Nutraceuticals Targeting Generation and Oxidant Activity of Peroxynitrite May Aid Prevention and Control of Parkinson’s Disease

McCarty

Lerner

2020

IJMS

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic low-grade inflammatory process in which activated microglia generate cytotoxic factors—most prominently peroxynitrite—which induce the death and dysfunction of neighboring dopaminergic neurons. Dying neurons then release damage-associated molecular pattern proteins such as high mobility group box 1 which act on microglia via a range of receptors to amplify microglial activation. Since peroxynitrite is a key mediator in this process, it is proposed that nutraceutical measures which either suppress microglial production of peroxynitrite, or which promote the scavenging of peroxynitrite-derived oxidants, should have value for the prevention and control of PD. Peroxynitrite production can be quelled by suppressing activation of microglial NADPH oxidase—the source of its precursor superoxide—or by down-regulating the signaling pathways that promote microglial expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Phycocyanobilin of spirulina, ferulic acid, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, good vitamin D status, promotion of hydrogen sulfide production with taurine and N-acetylcysteine, caffeine, epigallocatechin-gallate, butyrogenic dietary fiber, and probiotics may have potential for blunting microglial iNOS induction. Scavenging of peroxynitrite-derived radicals may be amplified with supplemental zinc or inosine. Astaxanthin has potential for protecting the mitochondrial respiratory chain from peroxynitrite and environmental mitochondrial toxins. Healthful programs of nutraceutical supplementation may prove to be useful and feasible in the primary prevention or slow progression of pre-existing PD. Since damage to the mitochondria in dopaminergic neurons by environmental toxins is suspected to play a role in triggering the self-sustaining inflammation that drives PD pathogenesis, there is also reason to suspect that plant-based diets of modest protein content, and possibly a corn-rich diet high in spermidine, might provide protection from PD by boosting protective mitophagy and thereby aiding efficient mitochondrial function. Low-protein diets can also promote a more even response to levodopa therapy.

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Section: Blocking Induction Of Inos-ferulic Acid Dha Vitamin D Taumentioning

confidence: 96%

Nutraceuticals Targeting Generation and Oxidant Activity of Peroxynitrite May Aid Prevention and Control of Parkinson’s Disease

McCarty

Lerner

2020

IJMS

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“…Apart from MPP+, the pesticide rotenone confers its toxic effect by inhibition of complex I and thereby causes oxidative stress to dopaminergic cells [18]. In contrast to MPP+, rotenone has been shown to facilitate aggregation of aSyn [19] and is a known environmental risk factor for PD [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propionic Acid and Fasudil as Treatment against Rotenone Toxicity in an In Vitro Model of Parkinson’s Disease

et al. 2020

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease. In recent years, several studies demonstrated that the gastroenteric system and intestinal microbiome influence central nervous system function. The pathological mechanisms triggered thereby change neuronal function in neurodegenerative diseases including dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson´s disease. In this study, we employed a model system for PD of cultured primary mesencephalic cells and used the pesticide rotenone to model dopaminergic cell damage. We examined neuroprotective effects of the Rho kinase inhibitor Fasudil and the short chain fatty acid (SCFA) propionic acid on primary neurons in cell morphological assays, cell survival, gene and protein expression. Fasudil application resulted in significantly enhanced neuritic outgrowth and increased cell survival of dopaminergic cells. The application of propionic acid primarily promoted cell survival of dopaminergic cells against rotenone toxicity and increased neurite outgrowth to a moderate extent. Interestingly, Fasudil augmented gene expression of synaptophysin whereas gene expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were substantially increased by propionic acid. Concerning protein expression propionic acid treatment increased STAT3 levels but did not lead to an increased phosphorylation indicative of pathway activation. Our findings indicate that both Fasudil and propionic acid treatment show beneficial potential in rotenone-lesioned primary mesencephalic cells.

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“…Another possible mechanism is through the antioxidant rich content of the MD. To note, some of the antioxidant products in the diet can also stimulate SCFA production, reinforcing the role of these molecules in brain function and pathology [138]. In support of that, SCFA concentration in feces of PD patients is decreased compared to control individuals [139].…”

Section: Others: Dementia Depression Mental Health…mentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Metabolism is often associated with brain pathological conditions. Thus, AD as well as PD risk increases with malnutrition and insulin resistance, while diet control is protective (138). Furthermore, insulin is shown to increase dopamine transporter mRNA levels in the substantia nigra [134].…”

Section: Others: Dementia Depression Mental Health…mentioning

confidence: 99%

<em>Mens sana in corpore sano:</em> Does the Glycemic Index Have a Role to Play?

Carneiro¹,

Leloup²

2020

Preprint

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Although diet interventions are mostly related to metabolic disorders, nowadays they are used in wide variety of pathologies. From diabetes and obesity to cardiovascular diseases, through cancer or neurological disorders and stroke, nutritional recommendations applied to almost all diseases. Among those disorders, metabolic disturbances and brain function and/or diseases have recently been shown to be linked. Indeed, numerous neurological functions are often associated with perturbations of whole-body energy homeostasis. In this regard, specific diets are used in various neurological conditions such as epilepsy, stroke, or seizure recovery. In addition, Alzheimer’s disease or Autism Spectrum Disorders are also considered as putatively improved by diet intervention. Glycemic index diets are a novel developed indicator expected to anticipate the changes in blood glucose induced by specific foods, and how they can affect various physiological function. Several results provide indications of efficiency of low glycemic index diets in weight management, insulin sensitivity, but also cognitive function, epilepsy treatment, stroke, or neurodegenerative diseases. Overall, studies involving glycemic index could provide new insight in the relationship between energy homeostasis regulation and brain function or related disorders. Therefore, in this review we will summarize main evidences on glycemic index involvement in brain mechanisms of energy homeostasis regulation.

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Diet in Parkinson's Disease: Critical Role for the Microbiome

Abstract: Conclusions: This review summarizes a model of microbiota-gut-brain-axis regulation of neuroinflammation in PD including several new mechanisms. We conclude with the need for clinical trials in PD patients to test this model for beneficial effects of Mediterranean based high fiber diets.

Cited by 102 publications

References 323 publications

Nutraceuticals Targeting Generation and Oxidant Activity of Peroxynitrite May Aid Prevention and Control of Parkinson’s Disease

Nutraceuticals Targeting Generation and Oxidant Activity of Peroxynitrite May Aid Prevention and Control of Parkinson’s Disease

Propionic Acid and Fasudil as Treatment against Rotenone Toxicity in an In Vitro Model of Parkinson’s Disease

<em>Mens sana in corpore sano:</em> Does the Glycemic Index Have a Role to Play?

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