Diet-induced change in fatty acid composition of plasma triacylglycerols is not associated with change in glucagon-like peptide 1 or insulin sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes

Brynes, Audrey E.; Edwards, C. M. B.; Jadhav, Arvind; Ghatei, Mohammed A.; Bloom, Stephen R.; Frost, Gary

doi:10.1093/ajcn/72.5.1111

Cited by 43 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…No correlations were found between insulin values and adipose tissue composition. These results differ from those of in vitro studies that suggested lipids may interact with insulinstimulated glucose transport (46), but they agree with results of in vivo studies that show no association between the fatty acid profile and insulin sensitivity (47).…”

supporting

confidence: 50%

Site-specific differences in the fatty acid composition of abdominal adipose tissue in an obese population from a Mediterranean area: relation with dietary fatty acids, plasma lipid profile, serum insulin, and central obesity

Garaulet

Pérez‐Llamas²,

Pérez-Ayala³

et al. 2001

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

192

151

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Background:Abdominal obesity is associated with coronary risk, although causality is not well established. Objective: In an obese Mediterranean population, we measured the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue, its relation with dietary fatty acids and central fat deposition, and its influence on plasma lipids and insulin. Design: Adipose tissue samples were obtained from 84 obese patients (29 men, 55 women) aged 30-70 y (body mass index, in kg/m 2 : 27-35). We measured concentrations of insulin and lipids in plasma and fatty acids in subcutaneous, omental, and perivisceral fat. Dietary fatty acid intake was assessed with a 7-d diet record. Results: The population studied was normolipidemic and normoinsulinemic. There were important differences in fatty acid composition between tissue sites: saturated fatty acids were higher and monounsaturated fatty acids were lower in perivisceral than in subcutaneous fat (P < 0.05). Significant correlations were found for oleic, linoleic, ␣-linolenic, and total nϪ6 polyunsaturated fatty acids between the subject's habitual diet and adipose tissue composition. Oleic and nϪ3 fatty acids from adipose regions were negatively correlated with apolipoprotein B and triacylglycerols; adipose tissue 22:1nϪ9, 20:2nϪ6, stearic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid were positively correlated with HDL and apolipoprotein A; and adipose tissue myristic acid was negatively correlated with apolipoprotein A (P < 0.05). Central obesity was positively associated with nϪ6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and inversely associated with monounsaturated fatty acids and nϪ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in adipose tissue (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The differences found in the composition and metabolism of perivisceral, omental, and subcutaneous fats may indicate that their atherogenic capacities also differ.Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74:585-91.

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supporting

confidence: 50%

Site-specific differences in the fatty acid composition of abdominal adipose tissue in an obese population from a Mediterranean area: relation with dietary fatty acids, plasma lipid profile, serum insulin, and central obesity

Garaulet

Pérez‐Llamas²,

Pérez-Ayala³

et al. 2001

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

192

151

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“…This study shows that OA, one of the most common fatty acids in triglycerides in people and animals with and without diabetes [17,19,20], strongly enhances the mitogenic effects of PDGF-BB in primary human SMCs. Previous studies have shown that OA also enhances the growth-promoting activity of angiotensin II [50], endothelin-1 [51], and IGF-I [52] in SMCs derived from other species.…”

Section: Oa Could Mediate Its Mitogenic Effects By Causing Increased mentioning

confidence: 71%

“…NEFAs are liberated from triglycerides in the arterial wall by lipoprotein lipase [18]. The main fatty acids present in triglycerides in humans with and without diabetes are oleate and palmitate [19,20]. Increased levels of circulating triglycerides in combination with hydrolysis of these triglycerides in the atherosclerotic plaque are likely to result in increased levels of NEFAs within the plaque.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oleate, not ligands of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products, promotes proliferation of human arterial smooth muscle cells

et al. 2003

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Aims/hypothesis. Diabetes accelerates cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis. Accordingly, diabetes accelerates atherosclerotic lesion progression and increases arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. We hypothesized that diabetes can exert growth-promoting effects on smooth muscle cells via increased advanced glycation end-products or by dyslipidaemia. Methods. Primary human arterial smooth muscle cells were stimulated with advanced glycation end-products, other ligands of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products or fatty acids common in triglycerides. Cell proliferation was measured as DNA synthesis, cell cycle distribution and cell number. Effects of oleate on cellular phospholipids, diacylglycerol, triglycerides and cholesterol esters were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography, and oleate accumulation into diacylglycerol was confirmed by gas chromatography. Results. Human arterial smooth muscle cells express the receptor for advanced glycation end-products, but its ligands N ε -(carboxymethyl)lysine-modified proteins, methylglyoxal-modified proteins, S100B polypeptide and amyloid-β (1-40) peptide, exert no mitogenic action. Instead, oleate, one of the most common fatty acids in triglycerides, enhances platelet-derived growth factor-BB-mediated proliferation and oleate-containing 1,2-diacylglycerol formation in smooth muscle cells. This mitogenic effect of oleate depends on phospholipase D activity and is associated with an increased formation of oleate-enriched 1,2-diacylglycerol. Conclusion/interpretation. Oleate, not ligands of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products, acts as an enhancer of human smooth muscle cell proliferation. Thus, lipid abnormalities, rather than hyperglycaemia, could be a major factor promoting proliferation of smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic lesions. [Diabetologia (2003[Diabetologia ( ) 46:1676[Diabetologia ( -1687 Keywords Atherosclerosis, diabetes, diacylglycerol, fatty acids, platelet-derived growth factor, phospholipase D, triglycerides. Atherosclerosis is accelerated by both Type I and Type 2 diabetes [1] by mechanisms that are poorly understood. Proliferation of arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in lesions of atherosclerosis plays an important role in progression of early fatty streaks to fibroatheromas. We have recently reported that increased SMC proliferation in fibroatheromas occurs concomitantly with hyperglycaemia and an increased plasma triglyceride concentration in a porcine model of diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis [2]. However, increased plasma glucose concentrations do not directly stimulate proliferation of SMCs isolated from these animals or from human subjects [2]. In this study, we investigated advanced glycation end-products (AGEs)

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“…It is therefore possible that in the context of Ͻ30% total dietary fat, a relative enrichment of saturated or trans fatty acids does not significantly alter insulin sensitivity. On the other hand, in the study of Brynes et al (22), the diets were relatively high fat (ϳ40%), and a favorable impact of monounsaturated fatty acids may not be seen in that context. This suggestion is supported by recent data from the KANWU study in which a beneficial effect of monounsaturated fat enrichment on insulin sensitivity was seen only in individuals consuming diets Ͻ37% total fat (23).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…In contrast, the present randomized controlled feeding trial suggests that there is no effect of high saturated or trans fatty acids on insulin action in healthy lean adults. Similarly, Brynes et al (22) recently performed a controlled feeding trial comparing high monounsaturated fat diets with high polyunsaturated fat diets in individuals with type 2 diabetes and observed no changes in insulin sensitivity despite significant changes in plasma fatty acid composition. Thus, the results of these two controlled feeding trials do not support significant effects of individual fatty acids on insulin action in humans.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Diets Enriched in Saturated (Palmitic), Monounsaturated (Oleic), or trans (Elaidic) Fatty Acids on Insulin Sensitivity and Substrate Oxidation in Healthy Adults

et al. 2002

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OBJECTIVE -Diets high in total and saturated fat are associated with insulin resistance. This study examined the effects of feeding monounsaturated, saturated, and trans fatty acids on insulin action in healthy adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-A randomized, double-blind, crossover study was conducted comparing three controlled 4-week diets (57% carbohydrate, 28% fat, and 15% protein) enriched with different fatty acids in 25 healthy men and women. The monounsaturated fat diet (M) had 9% of energy as C18:1cis (oleic acid). The saturated fat diet (S) had 9% of energy as palmitic acid, and the trans fatty acid diet (T) had 9% as C18:1trans. Body weight was kept constant throughout the study. After each diet period, insulin pulsatile secretion, insulin sensitivity index (S I ) by the minimal model method, serum lipids, and fat oxidation by indirect calorimetry were measured.RESULTS -Mean S I for the M, S, and T diets was 3.44 Ϯ 0.26, 3.20 Ϯ 0.26, and 3.40 Ϯ 0.26 ϫ 10 Ϫ4 min Ϫ1 ⅐ U Ϫ1 ⅐ ml Ϫ1 , respectively (NS). S I decreased by 24% on the S versus M diet in overweight subjects but was unchanged in lean subjects (NS). Insulin secretion was unaffected by diet, whereas total and HDL cholesterol increased significantly on the S diet. Subjects oxidized the least fat on the M diet (26.0 Ϯ 1.5 g/day) and the most fat on the T diet (31.4 Ϯ 1.5 g/day) (P ϭ 0.02).CONCLUSIONS -Dietary fatty acid composition significantly influenced fat oxidation but did not impact insulin sensitivity or secretion in lean individuals. Overweight individuals were more susceptible to developing insulin resistance on high-saturated fat diets. Diabetes Care 25:1283-1288, 2002H igh-fat diets have been shown to produce insulin resistance relative to high-carbohydrate diets (1-4), and certain fatty acids may have a more deleterious effect on insulin action than others. In animal models, Storlien et al. (5,6) found that high intake of saturated and polyunsaturated fats induce severe insulin resistance, whereas monounsaturated fats and -3 fatty acids are less detrimental. In humans, saturated fatty acid intake is a significant independent predictor of fasting and postprandial insulin in middle-aged men (7) and young men and women (8).The composition of lipids in serum or muscle (markers of dietary fatty acid intake) also correlates with insulin resistance. In a cross-sectional population study of Ͼ4,000 healthy individuals, fasting insulin concentration was positively associated with the percentage of saturated fat and inversely associated with the percentage of monounsaturated fat in plasma phospholipids (9). We have previously reported inverse associations between insulin sensitivity and serum concentrations of myristic acid (C14:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), and dihomo-␥-linolenic acid (C20:3 n-6) (10). Similarly, an association between increased C16:1 and C20:3 n-6 in serum cholesterol esters and risk of developing type 2 diabetes has also been reported (11).Insulin secretion is also differentially effected by various fatty acids in vitro. Long...

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Diet-induced change in fatty acid composition of plasma triacylglycerols is not associated with change in glucagon-like peptide 1 or insulin sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes

Abstract: Over the 3-wk intervention period, diet-induced change in the triacylglycerol or phospholipid L:O was not associated with either increased stimulation of GLP-1 or a change in insulin sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes.

Cited by 43 publications

References 38 publications

Site-specific differences in the fatty acid composition of abdominal adipose tissue in an obese population from a Mediterranean area: relation with dietary fatty acids, plasma lipid profile, serum insulin, and central obesity

Site-specific differences in the fatty acid composition of abdominal adipose tissue in an obese population from a Mediterranean area: relation with dietary fatty acids, plasma lipid profile, serum insulin, and central obesity

Oleate, not ligands of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products, promotes proliferation of human arterial smooth muscle cells

Effects of Diets Enriched in Saturated (Palmitic), Monounsaturated (Oleic), or trans (Elaidic) Fatty Acids on Insulin Sensitivity and Substrate Oxidation in Healthy Adults

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