Diet, inflammation and the gut microbiome: Mechanisms for obesity-associated cognitive impairment

Leigh, Sarah‐Jane; Morris, Margaret J.

doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165767

Cited by 139 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 139 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition to locomotor activity, we examined here the influence of the microbiome of circadian rhythmicity, failing to detect an effect even when flies carried the hypomorphic per L allele. Finally, and in agreement with Selkrig et al 2018 In general terms, the several among-study discrepancies in microbiome effects on locomotor activity of Drosophila can be attributed, at least partly, to the differences in host genotype and diet, both of which are known to influence microbiome effects on host traits in Drosophila (Consuegra et al, 2020;Dobson et al, 2015;Jehrke et al, 2018;Keebaugh et al, 2019;Matthews et al, 2020;Wong et al, 2014) and other animals (Ezra-Nevo et al, 2020;Leigh and Morris, 2020). Two further issues relate specifically to this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The impact of the gut microbiome on memory and sleep in Drosophila

Silva

Palacios-Muñoz

Okray

et al. 2020

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The gut microbiome has been proposed to influence diverse behavioral traits of animals, although the experimental evidence is limited and often contradictory. Here, we made use of the tractability of Drosophila melanogaster for both behavioral analyses and microbiome studies to test how elimination of microorganisms affects a number of behavioral traits. Relative to conventional flies (i.e. with unaltered microbiome), microbiologically sterile (axenic) flies displayed a moderate reduction in memory performance in olfactory appetitive conditioning and courtship assays. The microbiological status of the flies had a small or no effect on anxiety-like behavior (centrophobism) or circadian rhythmicity of locomotor activity, but axenic flies tended to sleep for longer and displayed reduced sleep rebound after sleep deprivation. These last two effects were robust for most tests conducted on both wild-type Canton S and w1118 strains, as well for tests using an isogenized panel of flies with mutations in the period gene, which causes altered circadian rhythmicity. Interestingly, the effect of absence of microbiota on a few behavioral features, most notably instantaneous locomotor activity speed, varied among wild-type strains. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the microbiome can have subtle but significant effects on specific aspects of Drosophila behavior, some of which are dependent on genetic background.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The impact of the gut microbiome on memory and sleep in Drosophila

Silva

Palacios-Muñoz

Okray

et al. 2020

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There are various pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning overweight status and their impact on cognitive impairment, such as gut microbiota (32), peripheral and central inflammation (15), blood-brain barrier integrity, oxidative stress, and alterations in brain structure or white matter (33,34). Among these mechanisms, inflammation is commonly conducted over the past years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Among Inflammation, Overweight Status, and Cognitive Impairment in a Community-Based Population of Chinese Adults

Wang

Zhao

2020

Front. Neurol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: To determine the association between overweight and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) with the odds of cognitive impairment as well as its subtypes based on the Asymptomatic Polyvascular Abnormalities Community (APAC) study in China.Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the follow-up data of 2012 from the APAC study. The Chinese version of the MMSE was used as a cognitive screener, and an MMSE score <24 is generally accepted as indicating cognitive impairment. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the interactions of hs-CRP levels with body mass index (BMI) on the effects of cognitive impairment and its subtypes.Results: Three thousand eight hundred seventy-five participants aged 40–90 years (median age 51.64 y) were enrolled in this study, and 1,788 (46.1%) were overweight. Before and after adjusting for confounders, such as age, sex, BMI, education, current smoking, drinking, physical activity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and hs-CRP, elevated hs-CRP levels were associated with cognitive impairment in normal-weight participants (crude OR: 2.08, 95%CI: 1.28–3.37, p = 0.003; adjusted OR: 2.06, 95%CI: 1.03–4.10, p = 0.04), but not in overweight participants. There was no statistically significant evidence for the interaction between hs-CRP and BMI on any cognitive sub-item.Conclusion: Elevated hs-CRP levels increase the odds of cognitive impairment in normal-weight participants, but not in overweight participants.

show abstract

“…The gut microbiota plays a fundamental role in training and regulating the immune system, an association that could also be of importance in cognition, [130][131][132] as inflammation has been linked to cognitive impairment and decline. 133 Dietary fiber could, thereby, alleviate cognitive dysfunction through its anti-inflammatory potential via the gut microbiota, support of gut barrier integrity or increasing the abundance of bacterial strains, such as Bifidobacterium or Lactobacillus, and the concentration of SCFAs, which have anti-inflammatory properties. 134,135 A recent animal study revealed that dietary cellulose exerts anti-inflammatory effects through maturation of the gut microbiota 136 and a short-term dietary fiber intervention increased circulating anti-inflammatory SCFAs and decreased pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.…”

Section: Gut Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Going with the grain: Fiber, cognition, and the microbiota-gut-brain-axis

Berding

Carbia

Cryan

2021

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Healthy dietary intake has been acknowledged for decades as one of the main contributors to health. More recently, the field of nutritional psychiatry has progressed our understanding regarding the importance of nutrition in supporting mental health and cognitive function. Thereby, individual nutrients, including omega-3 fatty acids and polyphenols, have been recognized to be key drivers in this relationship. With the progress in appreciating the influence of dietary fiber on health, increasingly research is focusing on deciphering its role in brain processes. However, while the importance of dietary fiber in gastrointestinal and metabolic health is well established, leading to the development of associated health claims, the evidence is not conclusive enough to support similar claims regarding cognitive function. Albeit the increasing knowledge of the impact of dietary fiber on mental health, only a few human studies have begun to shed light onto the underexplored connection between dietary fiber and cognition. Moreover, the microbiota-gut-brain axis has emerged as a key conduit for the effects of nutrition on the brain, especially fibers, that are acted on by specific bacteria to produce a variety of health-promoting metabolites. These metabolites (including short chain fatty acids) as well as the vagus nerve, the immune system, gut hormones, or the kynurenine pathway have been proposed as underlying mechanisms of the microbiota-brain crosstalk. In this minireview, we summarize the evidence available from human studies on the association between dietary fiber intake and cognitive function. We provide an overview of potential underlying mechanisms and discuss remaining questions that need to be answered in future studies. While this field is moving at a fast pace and holds promise for future important discoveries, especially data from human cohorts are required to further our understanding and drive the development of public health recommendations regarding dietary fiber in brain health.

show abstract

Diet, inflammation and the gut microbiome: Mechanisms for obesity-associated cognitive impairment

Cited by 139 publications

References 139 publications

The impact of the gut microbiome on memory and sleep in Drosophila

The impact of the gut microbiome on memory and sleep in Drosophila

Relationship Among Inflammation, Overweight Status, and Cognitive Impairment in a Community-Based Population of Chinese Adults

Going with the grain: Fiber, cognition, and the microbiota-gut-brain-axis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About