Diet, Nutritional Ecology, and Birth Season of Eulemur macaco in an Anthropogenic Forest in Madagascar

Simmen, Bruno; Bayart, Françoise; Marez, André; Hladik, Annette

doi:10.1007/s10764-007-9217-6

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Different plant parts and food species consumed by nonhuman primates vary in their energetic value, protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and mineral content, as well as the presence of secondary compounds (Garber 1987 ;Simmen et al 2007 ;Felton et al 2009b ;Norconk et al 2009 ;Lambert 2011 ;Righini and Garber 2012 ). Under conditions of nutrient mixing, a forager is expected to leave a productive food patch P.A.…”

Section: Chapter 13mentioning

confidence: 99%

Howler Monkeys

Kowalewski

2015

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Section: Chapter 13mentioning

confidence: 99%

Howler Monkeys

Kowalewski

2015

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“…Callithrix aurita Ferrari et al (1996) Callithrix flaviceps Ferrari (1988);Ferrari et al (1996) Callithrix kuhlii Raboy et al (2008) Eulemur macaco Simmen et al (2007) Euphorbia candelabrum…”

Section: Croton Cuneatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exudativory in Primates: Interspecific Patterns

Smith

2010

The Evolution of Exudativory in Primates

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This chapter reviews the extent of primate gummivory, identifies phylogentic patterns in the degree of gummivory across primates, and examines overlap in the plant species whose exudates are consumed. Plant exudates are exploited both routinely and opportunistically by at least 69 species of strepsirrhine, platyrrhine, and catarrhine primates. Gummivory is particularly prevalent among the callitrichids, cheirogaleids, and galagos in terms of the number of species reported to consume gum, its contribution to their diet, and the number of plant species they exploit for it. While some marmosets, galagos and the fork-marked lemur are thought of as gum specialists, exudates may account for more than 10% of the diet in many other species. Gum feeding may increase further during periods of dry season resource scarcity with some, most notably Parkia pod gums, acting as a keystone resource for many New World monkeys. Exudates from at least 250 plant species in 170 genera and 63 families are eaten, with Fabaceae and Anacardiaceae being the most frequently exploited. The Callitrichidae were examined for patterns in the amount of gum they consumed. Differences in the prevalence of gummivory were linked to morphological adaptations, particularly dentition, and habitat seasonality. Cluster analysis of the plant families exploited by different primate genera revealed similarities based on the number of families they exploited for gums.

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“…It is hypothesized that these lemurs, like other Malagasy prosimians living in dry forest ecosystems, have to reach a sufficient physical condition prior to the dry season [3], [5], [31], [36]–[38]. Pereira et al [36] argued that the rainy season is the major bottleneck for females that undergo full lactation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total Energy Expenditure and Body Composition in Two Free-Living Sympatric Lemurs

et al. 2010

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BackgroundEvolutionary theories that account for the unusual socio-ecological traits and life history features of group-living prosimians, compared with other primates, predict behavioral and physiological mechanisms to conserve energy. Low energy output and possible fattening mechanisms are expected, as either an adaptive response to drastic seasonal fluctuations of food supplies in Madagascar, or persisting traits from previously nocturnal hypometabolic ancestors. Free ranging ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) and brown lemurs (Eulemur sp.) of southern Madagascar have different socio-ecological characteristics which allow a test of these theories: Both gregarious primates have a phytophagous diet but different circadian activity rhythms, degree of arboreality, social systems, and slightly different body size.Methodology and ResultsDaily total energy expenditure and body composition were measured in the field with the doubly labeled water procedure. High body fat content was observed at the end of the rainy season, which supports the notion that individuals need to attain a sufficient physical condition prior to the long dry season. However, ring-tailed lemurs exhibited lower water flux rates and energy expenditure than brown lemurs after controlling for body mass differences. The difference was interpreted to reflect higher efficiency for coping with seasonally low quality foods and water scarcity. Daily energy expenditure of both species was much less than the field metabolic rates predicted by various scaling relationships found across mammals.DiscussionWe argue that low energy output in these species is mainly accounted for by low basal metabolic rate and reflects adaptation to harsh, unpredictable environments. The absence of observed sex differences in body weight, fat content, and daily energy expenditure converge with earlier investigations of physical activity levels in ring-tailed lemurs to suggest the absence of a relationship between energy constraints and the evolution of female dominance over males among lemurs. Nevertheless, additional seasonal data are required to provide a definitive conclusion.

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Diet, Nutritional Ecology, and Birth Season of Eulemur macaco in an Anthropogenic Forest in Madagascar

Cited by 28 publications

References 26 publications

Howler Monkeys

Howler Monkeys

Exudativory in Primates: Interspecific Patterns

Total Energy Expenditure and Body Composition in Two Free-Living Sympatric Lemurs

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