Diet Quality and Weight Change in Adults Over Time: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies

Aljadani, Haya; Patterson, Amanda; Sibbritt, David; Collins, Clare E.

doi:10.1007/s13668-014-0115-1

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Likewise, the synthesis of the information from 5 clinical studies in a systematic review and meta-analysis showed that adherence to the Nordic dietary pattern focused on consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, rapeseed oil, fish, shellfish, seaweed, as well as low intake of salt, sugar-sweetened products, high-fat dairy, and meat resulted in a significant decrease in SBP, DBP, total and LDL cholesterol levels [ 43 ]. Furthermore, results of a review on observational studies suggested that the higher Healthy Eating Index (HEI) as a diet quality index (characterized by grains, fruits, vegetables, meat/beans, milk, cholesterol, sodium, total fat, saturated fat, and variety of food consumption) was associated with lower weight gain [ 44 , 45 ]. Moreover, the main findings of a meta-analysis including 1,020,642 subjects of cohort studies as well as its updated version, suggested that high-quality diets based on HEI, alternate HEI (AHEI), and DASH score, were associated with a significant decrease of risk in CVDs incidence and mortality [ 11 , 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal association between an overall diet quality index and latent profiles of cardiovascular risk factors: results from a population based 13-year follow up cohort study

et al. 2021

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Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are associated with an unhealthy lifestyle, including poor diet. Indices reflecting the overall quality of diets are more effective than single food or nutrient-based approaches in clarifying the diet disease relationship. The present study aims to use latent variable modeling to examine the longitudinal joint relationships between the latent profiles of CVDs risk factors and the diet quality index (DQI). Methods A total of 4390 Iranian adults aged 35 and older within the framework of the Isfahan Cohort Study were included in the current secondary analysis. DQI focused on food groups, including fast foods, sweets, vegetables, fruits, fats, and proteins, based on a validated food frequency questionnaire. The score of DQI has a range between 0 (indicating healthy and high diet quality) and 2 (indicating unhealthy and low diet quality). Blood pressure (BP), anthropometric measurements, blood glucose, serum lipids, and high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) were measured according to standard protocols in 2001, 2007, and 2013 to evaluate the profiles of CVDs risk factors. A Bayesian Multidimensional Graded Responses Linear Mixed Model was used for data analysis. Results At baseline, the participants’ mean ± standard deviation age was 50.09 ± 11.21, and 49.5% of them were male. Three latent profiles of CVDs risk factors were derived: (1) Fit Pre-Metabolic Syndrome (FPMS) profile characterized by normal anthropometric indices and some impaired metabolic risk factors; (2) DysLipoproteinemia Central Obese (DLCO) profile with abdominal obesity and impaired low-density lipoprotein cholesterol as well as other normal risk factors; (3) Impaired Laboratory Inflammatory State (ILIS) profile with impaired high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hs-CRP and other normal risk factors. In general, higher scores of the extracted latent profiles indicated more impaired function in the related risk factors. After controlling for various potential fixed and time-varying confounding variables, a significant positive longitudinal association was found between FPMS, DLCO, and ILIS profiles and DQI (β (95% CrI): 0.26 (0.03,0.51), 0.14 (0.01,0.27), and 0.24 (0.11,0.38), respectively), demonstrating that lower overall diet quality was associated with more impaired function of the related risk factors. Conclusions More adherence to a healthy quality diet is associated with lower levels of all emerging latent profiles of CVDs risk factors. Increasing the knowledge of the community about the importance of the quality of consumed foods may help to prevent CVDs. It is recommended that further investigations, particularly interventional studies, be conducted to confirm our results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal association between an overall diet quality index and latent profiles of cardiovascular risk factors: results from a population based 13-year follow up cohort study

et al. 2021

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show abstract

“…Likewise, the synthesis of the information from 5 clinical studies in a systematic review and meta-analysis showed that adherence to the Nordic dietary pattern focused on consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, rapeseed oil, sh, shell sh, seaweed, as well as low intake of salt, sugar-sweetened products, high-fat dairy, and meat resulted in a signi cant decrease in SBP, DBP, total and LDL cholesterol levels [40]. Furthermore, results of a review on observational studies suggested that the higher Healthy Eating Index (HEI) as a diet quality index (characterized by grains, fruits, vegetables, meat/beans, milk, cholesterol, sodium, total fat, saturated fat, and variety of food consumption) was associated with lower weight gain [41,42]. Moreover, the main ndings of a meta-analysis including 1,020,642 subjects of cohort studies as well as its updated version, suggested that high-quality diets based on HEI, alternate HEI (AHEI), and DASH score, were associated with a signi cant decrease of risk in CVDs incidence and mortality [11,43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Association Between an Overall Diet Quality Index and Latent Profiles of Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Results From a Population Based 13-year Follow Up Cohort Study

Nouri

Sadeghi

Mohammadifard

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been associated with an unhealthy lifestyle, including poor diet. Indices reflecting the overall quality of diets are more effective than single food or nutrient-based approaches are in clarifying the diet disease relationship. The present study aims to use latent variable modeling to examine the longitudinal joint relationships between the latent profiles of CVDs risk factors and the diet quality index (DQI).Methods: A total of 4390 Iranian adults aged 35 and older within the framework of the Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS) were included in the current secondary analysis. DQI was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Blood pressure (BP), anthropometric measurements, blood glucose, serum lipids, and high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) were measured according to standard protocols in 2001, 2007, and 2013 to evaluate the profiles of CVDs risk factors. A Bayesian multidimensional Graded Responses Linear Mixed Model was used for data analysis. Results: At baseline, the participants’ mean (SD) age was 50.09(11.21), and 49.5% of them were male. Three latent profiles of CVDs risk factors were derived: (i) Fit Pre-Metabolic Syndrome (FPMS) profile characterized by normal anthropometric indices and some impaired metabolic risk factors; (ii) DysLipoproteinemia Central Obese (DLCO) profile with abdominal obesity and impaired low-density lipoprotein cholesterol as well as other normal risk factors; (iii) Impaired Laboratory Inflammatory State (ILIS) profile with impaired high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hs-CRP and other normal risk factors. In general, higher scores of the extracted latent profiles indicated more impaired function in the related risk factors. After controlling for various potential fixed and time-varying confounding variables, a significant positive longitudinal association was found between FPMS, DLCO, and ILIS profiles and DQI (β (95% CrI): 0.26 (0.03,0.51), 0.14 (0.01,0.27), and 0.24 (0.11,0.38), respectively), demonstrating that lower overall diet quality was associated with more impaired function of the related risk factors.Conclusions: Diet quality is associated with all emerging profiles of CVDs risk factors. Increasing the knowledge of the community about the importance of the quality of consumed foods may help to prevent CVDs. It is recommended that further investigations, particularly interventional studies, be conducted to confirm our results.

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“…BW, BMI, and WC were log transformed prior to analysis. Tertiles of diet quality score were selected as the optimum methodology for evaluating variations in diet quality score based on maximizing power from the sample size and previous literature [ 32 ]. Linear regression and chi squared tests were used to test for significant differences in participant characteristics across tertile of diet quality score and in diet quality score between sexes for categorical and continuous variables respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet quality is associated with obesity and hypertension in Australian adults: a cross sectional study

Livingstone

McNaughton

2016

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundPoor diet, characterized by a low diet quality score, has been associated with greater prevelence of obesity and hypertension. However, the evidence is inconsistent across diet quality scores and by sex. The aim was to investigate the relationship between diet quality and obesity and hypertension.MethodsAdults (n = 4908; age 45.2 ± 0.24 years) were included from the cross-sectional Australian Health Survey 2011–2013. Two 24-h dietary recalls were used to derive the dietary guideline index (DGI) and recommended food score (RFS). Logistic regression investigated relationships between diet quality score and odds ratio of obesity, hypertension and obesity-associated hypertension.ResultsIn the highest tertile of DGI, but not RFS, individuals were less likely to be obese (men: OR 0.64, CI: 0.45, 0.92, P-trend = 0.014; women: 0.68, 0.48, 0.96, P-trend = 0.025) and to have central adiposity (men: 0.68, 0.48, 0.97, P-trend = 0.030; women: 0.53, 0.37, 0.77, P-trend = 0.001) compared with the lowest tertile.Men, but not women, in the highest tertile of DGI and RFS were less likely to be hypertensive (DGI: 0.56, 0.37, 0.85, P-trend = 0.006; RFS: 0.62, 0.41, 0.94, P-trend = 0.021) compared with the lowest tertile. In men with obesity, but not normal weight men or women, those in the highest tertile of DGI were less likely to be hypertensive (0.53, 0.36, 0.78, P-trend = 0.001) compared with the highest tertile.ConclusionsHigher diet quality, as estimated using DGI, was associated with lower odds ratio of obesity in men and women. Odds ratio of hypertension was lower in men, but not women, with a high diet quality score compared with a low score, while obesity-associated hypertension was only associated with diet quality score in men with obesity. Longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate whether diet quality predicts risk of obesity and hypertension.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3714-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Diet Quality and Weight Change in Adults Over Time: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies

Cited by 20 publications

References 29 publications

Longitudinal association between an overall diet quality index and latent profiles of cardiovascular risk factors: results from a population based 13-year follow up cohort study

Longitudinal association between an overall diet quality index and latent profiles of cardiovascular risk factors: results from a population based 13-year follow up cohort study

Longitudinal Association Between an Overall Diet Quality Index and Latent Profiles of Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Results From a Population Based 13-year Follow Up Cohort Study

Diet quality is associated with obesity and hypertension in Australian adults: a cross sectional study

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