Diet Quality Can Play a Critical Role in Defense Efficacy against Parasitoids and Pathogens in the Glanville Fritillary (Melitaea cinxia)

Laurentz, Minna; Reudler, Joanneke H.; Mappes, Johanna; Friman, Ville; Ikonen, Suvi; Lindstedt, Carita

doi:10.1007/s10886-012-0066-1

Cited by 43 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…After parasitization by M. mediator , the encapsulation ability was decreased under elevated CO 2 during all measured time intervals, whereas the encapsulation ability was not significantly affected by decreases in the quality of wheat grown under the elevated CO 2 in this study. Different from our results, Laurentz et al (2012)33 showed that diet quality (increased catalpol concentrations) influences the encapsulation capability of Melitaea cinxia to defend against parasitoids and pathogens. Clearly, plant nutritional traits including primary- and secondary-chemistry affect the immune responses of herbivore insects.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Reduced plant nutrition under elevated CO2 depresses the immunocompetence of cotton bollworm against its endoparasite

Yin

Sun

2014

Sci Rep

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Estimating the immunocompetence of herbivore insects under elevated CO2 is an important step in understanding the effects of elevated CO2 on crop-herbivore-natural enemy interactions. Current study determined the effect of elevated CO2 on the immune response of Helicoverpa armigera against its parasitoid Microplitis mediator. H. armigera were reared in growth chambers with ambient or elevated CO2, and fed wheat grown in the concentration of CO2 corresponding to their treatment levels. Our results showed that elevated CO2 decreases the nutritional quality of wheat, and reduces the total hemocyte counts and impairs the capacity of hemocyte spreading of hemolymph of cotton bollworm larvae, fed wheat grown in the elevated CO2, against its parasitoid; however, this effect was insufficient to change the development and parasitism traits of M. mediator. Our results suggested that lower plant nutritional quality under elevated CO2 could decrease the immune response of herbivorous insects against their parasitoid natural enemies.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Reduced plant nutrition under elevated CO2 depresses the immunocompetence of cotton bollworm against its endoparasite

Yin

Sun

2014

Sci Rep

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“…For example, oxidation of the phytochemical, chlorogenic acid, during insect chewing of plant material produces chlorogenoquinone, which can inactivate a baculovirus by binding to viral occlusion bodies and inhibiting the release of infective virions in the midgut (Felton & Duffey, 1990). Host-plant quality can also strongly influence insect susceptibility indirectly by altering insect physiology and the level of general immune measures, such as phenoloxidase activity, haemocyte numbers and the encapsulation rate (Klemola et al, 2007;Shikano et al, 2010;Laurentz et al, 2012). Few studies have focused on the importance of host-plant quality prior to pathogen exposure, but phytochemicals and nutrients are known to alter levels of constitutive immunity and physical barriers to pathogens that prevent or reduce the establishment of infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of non‐pathogenic bacteria on insect disease resistance: importance of ecological context

Shikano

Olson

Cory

2015

Ecological Entomology

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1. The aerial surface of plants is a habitat for large and diverse microbial communities; termed the phyllosphere. These microbes are unavoidably consumed by herbivores, and while the entomopathogens are well studied, the impact of non-pathogenic bacteria on herbivore life history is less clear.2. Previous work has suggested that consumption of non-entomopathogenic bacteria induces a costly immune response that might decrease the risk of infection. However, we hypothesised that insect herbivores should be selective in how they respond to commonly encountered non-pathogenic bacteria on their host plants to avoid unnecessary and costly immune responses.3. An ecologically realistic scenario was used in which we fed cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni Hübner, larvae on cabbage or cucumber leaves treated with the common non-entomopathogenic phyllosphere bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. syringae. Their constitutive immunity and resistance to a pathogenic bacterium (Bacillus thuringiensis; Bt) and a baculovirus (T. ni single nucleopolyhedrovirus) were then examined.4. While feeding on bacteria-treated leaves reduced the growth rate and condition of T. ni, there was no effect on immunity (haemolymph antibacterial and phenoloxidase activities and haemocyte numbers). Phyllosphere bacteria weakly affected the resistance of T. ni to Bt but the direction of this effect was concentration dependent; resistance to the virus was unaffected. Host plant had an impact, with cucumber-fed larvae being more susceptible to Bt.5. The lack of evidence for a costly immune response to non-entomopathogenic bacteria suggests that T. ni are probably adapted to consuming common phyllosphere bacteria, and highlights the importance of the evolutionary history of participants in multi-trophic interactions.

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“…Diet quality can also greatly affect the physiological condition and immunocompetence of hosts (Fellous and Lazzaro ; Laurentz et al. ). We found that plantain diet increased larval survival only within more resistant, “high melanin” selection line (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Laurentz et al. ). In this study, we used P. plantaginis larvae from two selection lines for low or high amount of cuticular melanin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Interactive effects between diet and genotypes of host and pathogen define the severity of infection

Zhang

Friman

Laakso

et al. 2012

Ecology and Evolution

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Host resistance and parasite virulence are influenced by multiple interacting factors in complex natural communities. Yet, these interactive effects are seldom studied concurrently, resulting in poor understanding of host-pathogen-environment dynamics. Here, we investigated how the level of opportunist pathogen virulence, strength of host immunity and the host condition manipulated via diet affect the survival of wood tiger moth Parasemia plantaginis (Arctidae). Larvae from “low cuticular melanin” and “high cuticular melanin” (considered as low and high pathogen resistance, respectively) selection lines were infected with moderately and highly virulent bacteria strains of Serratia marcescens, while simultaneously manipulating host diet (with or without antibacterial compounds). We measured host survival and food preference before and after infection to test whether the larvae “self-medicate” by choosing an anti-infection diet (Plantago major, i.e., plantain leaf) over lettuce (Lactuca sativa). “High melanin” larvae were more resistant than “low melanin” larvae to the less virulent strain that had slower growth and colonization rate compared with the more virulent strain. Cuticular melanin did not enhance survival when the larvae were infected with the highly virulent strain. Anti-infection diet enhanced survival of the “high melanin” but not the “low melanin” hosts. Survival was dependent on family origin even within the melanin selection lines. Despite the intrinsic preference for lettuce, no evidence of self-medication was found. These results demonstrate that the relative benefit of host cuticular melanin depends on both diet and pathogen virulence: plantain diet only boosted the immunity of already resistant “high melanin” hosts, and cuticular melanin increased host survival only when infected with moderately virulent pathogen. Moreover, there was considerable variation in host survival between families within both melanin lines suggesting genetic basis for resistance. These results indicate that although melanin is an important predictor of insect immunity, its effect on disease outcomes greatly depends on other interacting factors.

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Diet Quality Can Play a Critical Role in Defense Efficacy against Parasitoids and Pathogens in the Glanville Fritillary (Melitaea cinxia)

Cited by 43 publications

References 59 publications

Reduced plant nutrition under elevated CO2 depresses the immunocompetence of cotton bollworm against its endoparasite

Reduced plant nutrition under elevated CO2 depresses the immunocompetence of cotton bollworm against its endoparasite

Impact of non‐pathogenic bacteria on insect disease resistance: importance of ecological context

Interactive effects between diet and genotypes of host and pathogen define the severity of infection

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