Diet, Sleep and Metabolic Syndrome Among a Legal Amazon Population, Brazil

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome incidence is increasing worldwide then it is important to study the possible risk and protective factors. Our previous study suggested an association between coffee consumption and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to address possible associations between dietary lifestyle factors with metabolic syndrome. In a case-control study we compared 74 metabolic syndrome patients with 176-matched controls attended at a public health central unit. Incident cases diagnosed according to ATP III criteria were matched with control group composed of healthy subjects performing routine examinations. Having lower educational level compared to highest levels tend to increase metabolic syndrome prevalence, which was not statistically significant. Similar pattern was observed for marital status. No difference was found regarding gender and metabolic syndrome odds. Interestingly, daily drinking two to three cups of coffee (OR=0.0646, 95% CI, 0.0139-0.3005, p=0.0005) or until 2 cups of milk were inversely associated with metabolic syndrome odds (OR=0.5368, 95% CI, 0.3139-0.9181, p=0.0231). Sleeping seven to eight hours per night was also associated with decreased odds of metabolic syndrome (OR=0.0789, 95% CI, 0.0396-0.1570, p<0.0001). Eating at least two portions of chocolate was also associated with decreased risk of metabolic syndrome (OR=0.3475, 95%CI, 0.1865-0.6414, p=0.0009). Adequate sleeping and dietary intake of some foods materially decreased the metabolic syndrome.

Coffee consumption and risk of the metabolic syndrome: A meta-analysis

“…However, after excluding one study (RR < 0.300) [23], no publication bias remained (t = -2.20, P = 0.052; Fig. 5), and the aggregate result was 0.889 (95% CI: 0.801-0.986).…”

“…One study [37] reported an RR > 1 with 95% CI that did overlap 1.0, while six studies [23][24][25][26]36,39] reported RRs < 1 and 95% CIs not overlapping 1.0. The remaining four studies [27,28,37,39] reported RRs < 1 and 95% CIs overlapping 1.0.…”

“…In all, 41 full-text articles were reviewed, with 30 articles excluded because: one was a review; one had duplicate data; and 28 had no reported RRs or 95% CIs for the relationship between coffee intake and MetS. Finally, 11 published articles [23][24][25][26][27][28][35][36][37][38][39], including 13 studies with a total of 159,805 participants, were identified as eligible for the present meta-analysis of the relationship between coffee consumption with MetS risk. Of these, two articles [37,39] included two studies each; four studies were cohort studies with a total of 106,855 participants; eight studies were cross-sectional studies with 52,700 participants; and one was a case-control study with 250 participants.…”

“…Therefore, epidemiological studies have investigated the association between coffee consumption and the risk of MetS, although the results have been inconsistent. Some studies [22][23][24][25][26] have found that coffee consumption was inversely associated with the MetS, while other studies [27,28] or its components. In addition, the dose-response relationship between coffee consumption and MetS risk is still uncertain.…”

Coffee Consumption and Risk of Biliary Tract Cancers and Liver Cancer: A Dose–Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

“…Finally, coffee consumption may exert indirect protective effects on the liver due to the potential improvements of metabolism [ 3 ]. Coffee consumption has been inversely associated in several studies to metabolic syndrome [ 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ], which has been related to liver fat accumulation and liver impairment due to common pathogenic determinants, such as insulin resistance and oxidative stress; impaired metabolism may induce progressive liver damage, liver inflammation and fibrosis, which ultimately may lead to carcinogenic transformation [ 75 ].…”