Diet to Reduce the Metabolic Syndrome Associated with Menopause. The Logic for Olive Oil

Abstract

The rates of metabolic syndrome are increasing in parallel with the increasing prevalence of obesity, primarily due to its concomitant insulin resistance. This is particularly concerning for women, as the years around menopause are accompanied by an increase in visceral obesity, a strong determinant of insulin resistance. A fall in estrogens and increase in the androgen/estrogen ratio is attributed a determining role in this process, which has been confirmed in other physiological models, such as polycystic ovary syndrome. A healthy lifestyle, with special emphasis on nutrition, has been recommended as a first-line strategy in consensuses and guidelines. A consistent body of evidence has accumulated suggesting that the Mediterranean diet, with olive oil as a vital component, has both health benefits and acceptable adherence. Herein, we provide an updated overview of current knowledge on the benefits of olive oil most relevant to menopause-associated metabolic syndrome, including an analysis of the components with the greatest health impact, their effect on basic mechanisms of disease, and the state of the art regarding their action on the main features of metabolic syndrome.

Impact of the Level of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet on the Parameters of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

“…Recent studies have shown that an MD reduces serum inflammatory markers as well as the incidence of stroke, CVD and breast cancer [ 138 , 139 ]. Moreover, MD was recommended as a diet that can help women with menopause-related symptoms and needs [ 140 ].…”

Oxytocin and Bone: Review and Perspectives

“…Animal studies indicate that OT is not only a cardiovascular protective peptide but also critical for cardiovascular homeostasis and for the reduction in the severity of cardiovascular pathologies: OT treatment improves cardiac work, reduces apoptosis and inflammation and increases scar vascularization [40]. Menopause is associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome related to an increase in visceral obesity, a strong determinant of insulin resistance and recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases [55]. OT is involved in the regulation of eating behavior, energy expenditure, lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis [56].…”

Changed Endocrinology in Postmenopausal Women: A Comprehensive View

“…MetS refers to a collection of many variables, which include hypertension, dyslipidemia, cellular resistance to insulin, obesity, and glucose intolerance. These factors collectively elevate individuals' susceptibility to developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes [ 28 ]. The prevalence of MetS is increasing on a global scale.…”