Diet, vegetarianism, and cataract risk

Appleby, Paul N.; Allen, Naomi E.; Key, Timothy J.

doi:10.3945/ajcn.110.004028

Cited by 79 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In the European Prospective Study Investigation in Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC),high intakes of vitamin A were also associated with increased risk of “any” cataract (IRR [incidence risk ratio] = 1.28; 95%CI: 1.07–1.54) (Figure S25). 88 …”

Section: Newer Epidemiologic Studies That Relate Carotenoids and Vitamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional modulation of cataract

et al. 2013

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Lens opacification or cataract reduces vision in over 80 million people worldwide and blinds 18 million. These numbers will increase dramatically as both the size of the elderly demographic and the number of those with carbohydrate metabolism-related problems increase. Preventative measures for cataract are critical because the availability of cataract surgery in much of the world is insuficient. Epidemiologic literature suggests that the risk of cataract can be diminished by diets that are optimized for vitamin C, lutein/zeaxanthin, B vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, multivitamins, and carbohydrates: recommended levels of micronutrients are salutary. The limited data from intervention trials provide some support for observational studies with regard to nuclear – but not other types of – cataracts. Presented here are the beneficial levels of nutrients in diets or blood and the total number of participants surveyed in epidemiologic studies since a previous review in 2007.

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Section: Newer Epidemiologic Studies That Relate Carotenoids and Vitamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…89 Although the EPIC did not find any association between risk of “any” type of cataract and intakes of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, or folate, it did report an increased risk among those with elevated vitamin B 12 intake (IRR = 1.29; 95%CI: 1.06–1.56) (Figure S28). 88 …”

Section: Newer Epidemiologic Studies That Relate Carotenoids and Vitamentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional modulation of cataract

et al. 2013

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“…This study also found a strong inverse association between dietary fibre intake and diverticular disease risk, but both associations remained statistically significant after mutual adjustment. Other analyses in EPIC-Oxford showed that vegetarians (including vegans) were at lower risk of eye cataract compared with meat eaters (relative risk 0·74, 95 % CI 0·63, 0·86), with a progressive reduction in risk from high (at least 100 g/d) to low (<50 g/d) intake meat eaters, fish eaters, lacto-ovo-vegetarians and vegans (52) . Vegetarians in the EPIC-Oxford study also had a 31 % (95 % CI 2, 52) lower risk of kidney stones compared with participants consuming a high meat diet (53) .…”

Section: Other Diseases and Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The long-term health of vegetarians and vegans

2015

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Vegetarians, who do not eat any meat, poultry or fish, constitute a significant minority of the world's population. Lacto-ovo-vegetarians consume dairy products and/or eggs, whereas vegans do not eat any foods derived wholly or partly from animals. Concerns over the health, environmental and economic consequences of a diet rich in meat and other animal products have focussed attention on those who exclude some or all of these foods from their diet. There has been extensive research into the nutritional adequacy of vegetarian diets, but less is known about the long-term health of vegetarians and vegans. We summarise the main findings from large cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies in western countries with a high proportion of vegetarian participants. Vegetarians have a lower prevalence of overweight and obesity and a lower risk of IHD compared with non-vegetarians from a similar background, whereas the data are equivocal for stroke. For cancer, there is some evidence that the risk for all cancer sites combined is slightly lower in vegetarians than in non-vegetarians, but findings for individual cancer sites are inconclusive. Vegetarians have also been found to have lower risks for diabetes, diverticular disease and eye cataract. Overall mortality is similar for vegetarians and comparable non-vegetarians, but vegetarian groups compare favourably with the general population. The long-term health of vegetarians appears to be generally good, and for some diseases and medical conditions it may be better than that of comparable omnivores. Much more research is needed, particularly on the long-term health of vegans.

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“…1% (p = 0.000135) in Pathanamthitta and 87.1% (p = 0.000265) in Kottayam than vegetarians. Vegetarians were at lower risk of cataract than were meat eaters in the cohort of health-conscious British residents [20] . Laboratory, clinical, epidemiologic and animal data support the association between cataract prevention and diet supplements such as riboflavin, vitamin C, vitamin E and Caroteniods [21,22] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%