Dietary Alpha-Ketoglutarate Partially Abolishes Adverse Changes in the Small Intestine after Gastric Bypass Surgery in a Rat Model

Abstract

Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is one of the key metabolites that play a crucial role in cellular energy metabolism. Bariatric surgery is a life-saving procedure, but it carries many gastrointestinal side effects. The present study investigated the beneficial effects of dietary AKG on the structure, integrity, and absorption surface of the small intestine after bariatric surgery. Male 7-week-old Sprague Dowley rats underwent gastric bypass surgery, after which they received AKG, 0.2 g/kg body weight/day, administered in drinking water for 6 weeks. Changes in small intestinal morphology, including histomorphometric parameters of enteric plexuses, immunolocalization of claudin 3, MarvelD3, occludin and zonula ocludens 1 in the intestinal mucosa, and selected hormones, were evaluated. Proliferation, mucosal and submucosal thickness, number of intestinal villi and Paneth cells, and depth of crypts were increased; however, crypt activity, the absorption surface, the expression of claudin 3, MarvelD3, occludin and zonula ocludens 1 in the intestinal epithelium were decreased after gastric bypass surgery. Alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation partially improved intestinal structural parameters and epithelial integrity in rats undergoing this surgical procedure. Dietary AKG can abolish adverse functional changes in the intestinal mucosa, enteric nervous system, hormonal response, and maintenance of the intestinal barrier that occurred after gastric bypass surgery.

α‐Ketoglutarate Improves Ovarian Reserve Function in Primary Ovarian Insufficiency by Inhibiting NLRP3‐Mediated Pyroptosis of Granulosa Cells

“…The Control group and POI group were intragastric administration with 0.9% saline, while the AKG group was intragastric administration with AKG (250 mg kg −1 day −1 ) for 42 days until the end of the experiment. [44,45] After intragastric administration with AKG eight days, the rats of POI group and AKG group were intraperitoneally injected with CTX (50 mg kg −1 day −1 on the first day, the dose for the following 13 days is 8 mg kg −1 ) for 14 days, [46] meanwhile, the rats in Control group were injected with 0.9% saline. Ten days before the end of modeling, vaginal smear of SD rats was monitored to observe the changes of estrous cycle to preliminarily judge whether this model was successful.…”

Enhancing intestinal barrier efficiency: A novel metabolic diseases therapy

“…Specifically, metabolic surgery improved the intestinal barrier by relying primarily on the increased expression of the intestinal epithelial tight junction proteins ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1 to maintain intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and restore the physical barrier of the intestine (250). This optimizes mucosal function, increases submucosal thickness, and improves the intestinal mucosal barrier.…”

Basal Intestinal Morphology, Immunolocalization of Leptin and Ghrelin and Their Receptors in Newborn Wistar Rats after Prenatal Exposure to Fumonisins

“…They were then paraffin-embedded, cut into 5 µm sections, mounted on a microscope slide and stained with Goldner's trichrome staining, a histological staining technique used in pathology to visualize and differentiate various tissue components. It typically stains collagen fibers green, muscle fibers red, and nuclei black or brown, allowing for the identification and assessment of connective tissue, muscle tissue, and cell nuclei in histological sections [29,30]. The specimens were observed under standard bright illumination with an optical microscope (BX63 and CX43, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) using the 20× objective.…”