Dietary amino acid and vitamin complex protects honey bee from immunosuppression caused by Nosema ceranae

Glavinić, Uroš; Stanković, Biljana; Drašković, Vladimir; Stevanović, Jevrosima; Petrović, Tamaš; Lakic, Nada; Stanimirović, Zoran

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187726

Cited by 84 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…ceranae is thought to be a serious threat to the beekeeping industry, but dramatic colony losses were clearly attributed exclusively to N. ceranae infections in some regions only [124][125][126]. N. ceranae as a sole stressor showed suppressive effects on immunerelated genes (Figure 8) in laboratory experiments [127][128][129]. However, in all pieces of research there was a time-dependent inconsistence in gene expression.…”

Section: Infestation With Varroa Destructor and Mixed Virus Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of supplements with sugar syrup should not be avoided, since they provide suffi cient amino acids, peptides, micro-and macroelements which are absent from pure sugar syrup [18]. The use of supplements may prevent energetic, immune and oxidative stress in bees, and thus prevent losses in apiaries [129,[171][172][173][174]. The presence of a young, healthy bee queen in the hive guarantees the development of healthy bee colonies and successful beekeeping [131,175].…”

Section: General Management In the Apiarymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Looking for the causes of and solutions to the issue of honey bee colony losses

et al. 2019

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Colony losses, including those induced by the colony collapse disorder, are an urgent problem of contemporary apiculture which has been capturing the attention of both apiculturists and the research community. CCD is characterized by the absence of adult dead bees in the hive in which few workers and a queen remain, the ratio between the brood quantity and the number of workers is heavily disturbed in favor of the former, and more than enough food is present. Robbing behavior and pests usually attacking the weakened colony do not occur. In the present paper, the causes of the emergence of this problem are discussed, as well as the measures of its prevention. The following factors, which lead to colony losses, are analyzed: shortage of high-quality food (pollen and honey); infestation with parasites, primarily with Varroa destructor, and mixed virus infections; bacterial infections (American and European foulbrood), fungal infections (nosemosis and ascosphaerosis) and trypanosomal infections (lotmariosis); and, finally, general management of the apiary. Certain preventive measures are proposed: (1) providing ample high-quality forage and clean water, (2) avoiding sugarisation, i.e. superfluous use of sugar syrup, (3) meeting the nutritional needs of the colony, (4) when feeding bees, taking care of the timing and the composition of diet, avoiding pure sugar syrup which in excessive quantities may induce energetic and oxidative stress, (5) when there is a shortage of natural feed – honey in the brood chamber – use sugar syrup with natural/artificial supplements to avoid protein starvation, (6) organized control of V. destructor in the colonies is obligatory due to its vector role, and (7) compliance with hygienic and sanitary measures and principles of good apiculture practice and management in apiaries. To conclude, all preventive measures are feasible in compliance with rules and regulations concerning regular spring and autumn bee health monitoring by licensed veterinarians, who can propose adequate treatments if necessary.

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Section: Infestation With Varroa Destructor and Mixed Virus Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Management In the Apiarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking for the causes of and solutions to the issue of honey bee colony losses

et al. 2019

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“…Nutrient quality and quantity also affects host immunity through direct and indirect effects mediated by the host's microbiota and pathogen populations (Ponton et al, 2013). Many studies have demonstrated the role of nutritionally linked immunity in countering viruses and other pathogens such as the intracellular microsporidian parasite Nosema (Basualdo et al, 2014;DeGrandi-Hoffman and Chen, 2015;DeGrandi-Hoffman et al, 2010;Glavinic et al, 2017;Xu et al, 2013;Zheng et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen reverses decreased lifespan, altered nutritional metabolism, and suppressed immunity in honey bees (Apis mellifera) treated with antibiotics

Heerman

Evans

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Nutrition is involved in regulating multiple aspects of honey bee biology such as caste, immunity, lifespan, growth and behavioral development. Deformed wing virus (DWV) is a major pathogenic factor which threatens honey bee populations, and its replication is regulated by the nutrition status and immune response of honey bees. The alimentary canal of the honey bee is home to a diverse microbial community that provides essential nutrients and serves to bolster immune responses. However, to what extent gut bacteria affect honey bee nutrition metabolism and immunity with respect to DWV has not been investigated fully. In this study, newly emerged worker bees were subjected to four diets that contained (1) pollen, (2) pollen and antibiotics, (3) neither pollen nor antibiotics or (4) antibiotics alone. The expression level of two nutrition genes target of rapamycin (tor) and insulin like peptide (ilp1), one nutritional marker gene vitellogenin (vg), five major royal jelly protein genes (mrjp1-5), one antimicrobial peptide regulating gene relish (rel), and DWV virus titer and its replication intermediate, negative RNA strand, were determined by qRT-PCR from the honey bees at 7 days post-antibiotic treatment. Additionally, honey bee head mass and survival rate were measured. We observed that antibiotics decreased the expression of tor and rel, and increased DWV titer and its replication activity. Expression of ilp1, mrjp1-5 and vg, and honey bee head mass were also reduced compared with bees on a pollen diet. Antibiotics also caused a significant drop in survivorship, which could be rescued by addition of pollen to the diet. Of importance, pollen could partially rescue the loss of vg and mrjp2 while also increasing the head mass of antibiotictreated bees. Our results illuminate the roles of bacteria in honey bee nutrition, metabolism and immunity, which confer the ability to inhibit virus replication, extend honey bee lifespan and improve overall health.

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“…Other studies have also pointed toward a connection between protein metabolism and Nosema sp. Holt et al, 2013;Vidau et al, 2014;Glavinic et al, 2017;Li et al, 2019). In addition, Nosema has also been shown to affect gene expression in the brain (McDonnell et al, 2013;Doublet et al, 2016).…”

Section: Effects Of Parasitic Stress From Nosema Ceranaementioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen Alters Amino Acid Levels in the Honey Bee Brain and This Relationship Changes With Age and Parasitic Stress

et al. 2020

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Pollen nutrition is necessary for proper growth and development of adult honey bees. Yet, it is unclear how pollen affects the honey bee brain and behavior. We investigated whether pollen affects amino acids in the brains of caged, nurse-aged bees, and what the behavioral consequences might be. We also tested whether parasitic stress altered this relationship by analyzing bees infected with prevalent stressor, Nosema ceranae. Levels of 18 amino acids in individual honey bee brains were measured using Gas Chromatography -Mass Spectrometry at two different ages (Day 7 and Day 11). We then employed the proboscis extension reflex to test odor learning and memory. We found that the honey bee brain was highly responsive to pollen. Many amino acids in the brain were elevated and were present at higher concentration with age. The majority of these amino acids were non-essential. Without pollen, levels of amino acids remained consistent, or declined. Nosema-infected bees showed a different profile. Infection altered amino acid levels in a pollen-dependent manner. The majority of amino acids were lower when pollen was given, but higher when pollen was deprived. Odor learning and memory was not affected by feeding pollen to uninfected bees; but pollen did improve performance in Nosema-infected bees. These results suggest that pollen in early adulthood continues to shape amino acid levels in the brain with age, which may affect neural circuitry and behavior over time. Parasitic stress by N. ceranae modifies this relationship revealing an interaction between infection, pollen nutrition, and behavior.

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Dietary amino acid and vitamin complex protects honey bee from immunosuppression caused by Nosema ceranae

Cited by 84 publications

References 79 publications

Looking for the causes of and solutions to the issue of honey bee colony losses

Looking for the causes of and solutions to the issue of honey bee colony losses

Pollen reverses decreased lifespan, altered nutritional metabolism, and suppressed immunity in honey bees (Apis mellifera) treated with antibiotics

Pollen Alters Amino Acid Levels in the Honey Bee Brain and This Relationship Changes With Age and Parasitic Stress

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