Dietary and anthropometric determinants of plasma lipoproteins during a long-term low-fat diet in healthy women

Kasim, Sidika E.; Martino, Silvana; Kim, Paik Nyon; Khilnani, S.; Boomer, Allison; Depper, Janice B.; Reading, Bruce A.; Heilbrun, Lance K.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/57.2.146

Cited by 94 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, the participants who were most compliant with the program did show lower fasting and 2-h blood glucose levels at 5 years. The amount of weight loss in our study (3.3 kg at 1 year) was similar to other reduced-fat ad libitum intervention trials (12,20,21), and also like most interventions for weight loss, weight was regained in the long term (22). Greater compliance to the intervention resulted in greater weight loss and more lasting effects on glucose tolerance, consistent with other studies showing that compliance with the intervention, long-term maintenance of low-fat eating patterns, and weight loss were all strongly interrelated (23).…”

Section: Effects With Greater Compliancesupporting

confidence: 87%

Long-Term (5-Year) Effects of a Reduced-Fat Diet Intervention in Individuals With Glucose Intolerance

2001

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OBJECTIVE -To determine whether reducing dietary fat would reduce body weight and improve long-term glycemia in people with glucose intolerance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -A 5-year follow-up of a 1-year randomized controlled trial of a reduced-fat ad libitum diet versus a usual diet. Participants with glucose intolerance (2-h blood glucose 7.0 -11.0 mmol/l) were recruited from a Workforce Diabetes Survey. The group that was randomized to a reduced-fat diet participated in monthly smallgroup education sessions on reduced-fat eating for 1 year. Body weight and glucose tolerance were measured in 136 participants at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year (end of intervention), with follow-up at 2 years (n ϭ 104), 3 years (n ϭ 99), and 5 years (n ϭ 103).RESULTS -Compared with the control group, weight decreased in the reduced-fat-diet group (P Ͻ 0.0001); the greatest difference was noted at 1 year (-3.3 kg), diminished at subsequent follow-up (Ϫ3.2 kg at 2 years and Ϫ1.6 kg at 3 years), and was no longer present by 5 years (1.1 kg). Glucose tolerance also improved in patients on the reduced-fat diet; a lower proportion had type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance at 1 year (47 vs. 67%, P Ͻ 0.05), but in subsequent years, there were no differences between groups. However, the more compliant 50% of the intervention group maintained lower fasting and 2-h glucose at 5 years (P ϭ 0.041 and P ϭ 0.026, respectively) compared with control subjects.CONCLUSIONS -The natural history for people at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes is weight gain and deterioration in glucose tolerance. This process may be ameliorated through adherence to a reduced fat intake. Diabetes Care 24:619 -624, 2001

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Section: Effects With Greater Compliancesupporting

confidence: 87%

Long-Term (5-Year) Effects of a Reduced-Fat Diet Intervention in Individuals With Glucose Intolerance

2001

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“…4,16,17 After such relatively short treatment periods, Active participants refers to subjects who were participating in the dietary program at the indicated time. c Available for measurement refers to all randomized subjects who were available for measurement of body weight whether or not they were participating in the dietary program.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized controlled trial of a moderate-fat, low-energy diet compared with a low fat, low-energy diet for weight loss in overweight adults

2001

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CONTEXT: Long-term success in weight loss with dietary treatment has been elusive. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a diet moderate in fat based on the Mediterranean diet compared to a standard low-fat diet for weight loss when both were controlled for energy. DESIGN: A randomized, prospective 18 month trial in a free-living population. PATIENTS: A total of 101 overweight men and women (26.5 -46 kg=m 2 ). INTERVENTION: (1) Moderate-fat diet (35% of energy); (2) low-fat diet (20% of energy). MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Change in body weight. RESULTS: After 18 months, 31=50 subjects in the moderate-fat group, and 30=51 in the low fat group were available for measurements. In the moderate-fat group, there were mean decreases in body weight of 4.1 kg, body mass index of 1.6 kg=m 2 , and waist circumference of 6.9 cm, compared to increases in the low-fat group of 2.9 kg, 1.4 kg=m 2 and 2.6 cm, respectively; P 0.001 between the groups. The difference in weight change between the groups was 7.0 kg. (95% CI 5.3, 8.7). Only 20% (10=51) of those in the low-fat group were actively participating in the weight loss program after 18 months compared to 54% (27=50) in the moderate-fat group, (P < 0.002). The moderate-fat diet group was continued for an additional year. The mean weight loss after 30 months compared to baseline was 3.5 kg (n ¼ 19, P ¼ 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: A moderate-fat, Mediterranean-style diet, controlled in energy, offers an alternative to a low-fat diet with superior long-term participation and adherence, with consequent improvements in weight loss.

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“…With decreasing saturated fat intake, HDL 2 (72,73) and LDL (74,75) cholesterol levels fall with a decrease in LDL peak buoyancy, size, and cholesterol content per particle (74,75). Saturated fat intake has been shown to be inversely related to HL activity (74).…”

Section: Gene-diet Interaction In Regulation Of Hl Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic lipase and dyslipidemia: interactions among genetic variants, obesity, gender, and diet

Deeb

Zambón

Carr

et al. 2003

Journal of Lipid Research

169

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Hepatic lipase (HL) plays a central role in LDL and HDL remodeling. High HL activity is associated with small, dense LDL particles and with reduced HDL 2 cholesterol levels. HL activity is determined by an HL gene promoter polymorphism, by gender (lower in premenopausal women), and by visceral obesity with insulin resistance. The activity is affected by dietary fat intake and selected medications. There is evidence for an interaction of the HL promoter polymorphism with visceral obesity, dietary fat intake, and with lipid-lowering medications in determining the level of HL activity. The dyslipidemia with high HL activity is a potentially proatherogenic lipoprotein profile in the metabolic syndrome, in Type 2 diabetes, and in familial combined hyperlipidemia. Hepatic lipase (HL) is a key enzyme involved in lipoprotein metabolism. Its catalytic activity contributes to the remodelling of chylomicron remnants, IDLs, LDLs, and HDLs, and participates in the reverse cholesterol transport (1). These effects possibly influence the process of atherosclerosis. Recent reviews on HL have focused on its evolution (2), structure, function, and regulation (3), and its potential role in atherosclerosis (4). The focus of this review will be on the interaction between genetic variants, obesity, sex hormones, and diet in influencing HL activity and on clinical implications of variation in this activity. HL AND DYSLIPIDEMIA Lipolytic role of HL in remodeling of human remnant and LDLIn vitro and in vivo studies have clearly demonstrated that HL plays a key role in lipoprotein metabolism (5, 6). Multiple lines of evidence suggest that human HL modulates the lipid composition of IDL remnants and large, buoyant LDLs, resulting in denser lipoprotein particles both in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and in normal subjects (7,8). LDL size and buoyancy are inversely proportional to HL activity, which seems to be correlated also with both the fractional catabolic rate and the input rate of LDL apolipoprotein B (apoB) in men with varying plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations (9). Patients with high HL have smaller, denser LDL particles, relatively depleted in phospholipids (PLs) and free cholesterol, as compared with subjects with low HL activity (7) ( Fig. 1A ). Individuals with CVD, characterized by the predominance of small, dense LDL as determined by gradient gel electrophoresis (also defined as pattern B LDL subclass distribution), have significantly higher HL activity than patients with CVD but large, buoyant LDL particles (pattern A) (10). Interestingly, HL activity is not associated with LDL cholesterol levels.More direct evidence that HL plays a key role in human lipoprotein metabolism is obtained from studies of individuals with HL deficiency. Few patients with true HL deficiency have been identified (1,11). Patients with complete HL deficiency present with elevated plasma concentrations of cholesterol and TG, and with a lipoprotein profile characterized by the presence of large ␤ -VLDL and large, buoyant 13). ...

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Dietary and anthropometric determinants of plasma lipoproteins during a long-term low-fat diet in healthy women

Cited by 94 publications

References 26 publications

Long-Term (5-Year) Effects of a Reduced-Fat Diet Intervention in Individuals With Glucose Intolerance

Long-Term (5-Year) Effects of a Reduced-Fat Diet Intervention in Individuals With Glucose Intolerance

A randomized controlled trial of a moderate-fat, low-energy diet compared with a low fat, low-energy diet for weight loss in overweight adults

Hepatic lipase and dyslipidemia: interactions among genetic variants, obesity, gender, and diet

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