Dietary and Feeding Modifications for Older Adults

Abstract

Finding #1: Today's caregivers provide intense and complex care, including medical/nursing tasks and managing multiple health conditions that are often accompanied by pain. .

Validating Accuracy of a Mobile Application against Food Frequency Questionnaire on Key Nutrients with Modern Diets for mHealth Era

“…Baseline daily recipes with variations of added calories, proteins, vegetables, fruits, or fats for all categories were included in these diets. We included four categories of modern diets as (1) liquid diets [35,39]; (2) convenient diets (canned food, high-school café diet, and fast foods) [8,33,34]; (3) ethnic diets of Western (American, Mexican, Italian, and Mediterranean) and Eastern (Japanese, Chinese, and Korean) origins [31,32], and (4) smoothies added to these diets [35][36][37][38].…”

“…As many diets were reported with insufficient essential nutrients [8,40,41], we have categorized liquids and smoothies [35][36][37][38][39] as important modern diets in healthcare and community settings. Additionally, convenient diets [33,34] are common modern diets in addition to various ethnic diets [31,32].…”

“…The vegetables included broccoli, cabbage, kale, and spinach. Ethnic Chinese, Italian, and Mediterranean fruit smoothies included ginger roots, baby spinach, beet juice, Japanese matcha smoothies, and Korean multigrain smoothies [35][36][37][38].…”

“…The culture, climate, soil characteristics, and socio-economic status have nurtured the various traditional diets, including examples in the Mediterranean, Italian, convenient American, Chinese, or Japanese diets [31,32]. With urbanization, globalization, and the aging population, convenient fast foods [33,34], high school foods [8], smoothies [35][36][37][38], liquids [35,39], and dozens of other diet types have been influenced by immigration [31]; however, many diets are reported with insufficient essential nutrients; many Western diets could contain excessive empty calories [40] and rice-based Eastern diets would have insufficient zinc and iron [41]. Accurate assessment of nutrient intakes and more conveniently accessible tools such as mobile apps are critical for personalized nutrition [42].…”

Validating Accuracy of an Internet-Based Application against USDA Computerized Nutrition Data System for Research on Essential Nutrients among Social-Ethnic Diets for the E-Health Era

“…Cultural ethnic inheritance, social change, and individual preferences influence human dietary habits [ 21 ], where traditional ethnic diets include examples of convenient American, Mediterranean, Italian, Chinese, and Japanese diets [ 13 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Additionally, fast foods [ 25 , 26 ], high school foods [ 26 ], smoothies [ 27 , 28 , 29 ], pure liquids [ 27 , 30 ], and dozens of other diet types emerged following urbanization and growing aging populations. While Mediterranean and Japanese diets are beneficial to prevent cardiovascular disease; some Western diets are loaded with empty calories leading to metabolic disorders [ 31 , 32 ], and rice-based ethnic diets contain insufficient zinc and iron to meet the daily requirements [ 33 ].…”