Dietary and Pharmacological Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Jeznach-Steinhagen, Anna; Ostrowska, Joanna; Czerwonogrodzka–Senczyna, Aneta; Boniecka, Iwona; Shahnazaryan, Urszula; Kuryłowicz, Alina

doi:10.3390/medicina55050166

Cited by 43 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…We utilized the Toshiba 1.5T Excelart/Vantage with a 1.4 m magnet and a 65.6 aperture, and IHL measurements were performed in the middle right lobe [23] ( Figure 2). The scans were localized to the same area of the liver using the anatomical orientation of the hepatic blood flow and ribs, so that approximately the same area of the liver was scanned during each testing session.…”

Section: Intrahepatic Lipid (Ihl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Amino Acid Supplement Lowers Intrahepatic Lipid despite Excess Alcohol Consumption

et al. 2020

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Excess alcohol consumption is a top risk factor for death and disability. Fatty liver will likely develop and the risk of liver disease increases. We have previously demonstrated that an essential amino acid supplement (EAAS) improved protein synthesis and reduced intrahepatic lipid in the elderly. The purpose of this exploratory pilot study was to initiate the evaluation of EAAS on intrahepatic lipid (IHL), body composition, and blood lipids in individuals with mild to moderate alcohol use disorder (AUD). Following consent, determination of eligibility, and medical screening, 25 participants (18 males at 38 ± 15 years/age and 7 females at 34 ± 18 years/age) were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of two dosages: a low dose (LD: 8 g of EAAS twice/day (BID)) or high dose (HD: 13 g of EAAS BID). Five of the twenty-five enrolled participants dropped out of the intervention. Both groups consumed the supplement BID for 4 weeks. Pre- and post-EAAS administration, IHL was determined using magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy, body composition was analyzed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and blood parameters were measured by LabCorp. T-tests were used for statistical analysis and considered significant at p < 0.05. While there was no significant change in IHL in the LD group, there was a significant 23% reduction in IHL in the HD group (p = 0.02). Fat mass, lean tissue mass, bone mineral content, and blood lipids were not altered. Post-EAAS phosphatidylethanol was elevated and remained unchanged in LD at 407 ± 141 ng/mL and HD at 429 ± 196 ng/mL, indicating chronic and excess alcohol consumption. The HD of the proprietary EAAS formulation consumed BID seemed to lower IHL in individuals with mild to moderate AUD. We suggest that further studies in a larger cohort be conducted to more completely address this important area of investigation.

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Section: Intrahepatic Lipid (Ihl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Amino Acid Supplement Lowers Intrahepatic Lipid despite Excess Alcohol Consumption

et al. 2020

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“…In case of nonpharmacological treatment of the disease, it can be said that with control on underlying diseases such as weight loss, blood lipids, diabetes, or discontinuation of the causative drugs, the progression of this disease can be prevented, and in many cases, the reverse course can be followed that leads to treatment of this disease. Although weight loss is noted as the most desirable treatment method in many studies, it should not be overlooked that a sudden weigh loss followed by obesity-reducing surgeries can have an entirely reversible effect on the treatment of the disease (50). The use of a proper diet, including intake of low calorie and vitamin-containing foods, minerals, and required proteins can be a proper solution for body weight moderation (50)(51).…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although weight loss is noted as the most desirable treatment method in many studies, it should not be overlooked that a sudden weigh loss followed by obesity-reducing surgeries can have an entirely reversible effect on the treatment of the disease (50). The use of a proper diet, including intake of low calorie and vitamin-containing foods, minerals, and required proteins can be a proper solution for body weight moderation (50)(51). The control of underlying metabolic diseases, such as control of diabetes and blood lipids in patients with fatty liver, has a beneficial role in improving the disease (52).…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Treatment; A Review on Herbal Medicine Treatment

2020

jcr

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This study, review the nonalcoholic fatty liver treatment with emphasis on herbal medicine treatment. The accumulation of the mass of triglycerides by 5% in the liver cells of those who are not alcoholic leads to a situation called nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Nonalcoholic fatty liver is known as the most common liver disorder in the world, such that its prevalence varies from 3% to 25% in different populations of the world per race, age, sex, place of residence and lifestyle. Numerous studies have been carried out on the NAFLD and its pathological mechanism and are still ongoing. In classification of the causes of fatty liver, two general groups can be noted: (i) an effective group with indirect effects such as hypothyroidism, pituitary hypoplasia, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and sleep apnea; (ii) The other group is directly involved in the development of this disease in individuals such as abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Most patients are asymptomatic and are diagnosed by disturbed liver tests. This disease is the most common cause of liver enzymes disorder after hepatitis and chronic liver disease. In more than three-fourths of patients during a clinical examination, the increased size of liver is visible, and the most common symptom is excessive fatigue, lethargy, and pain in the upper right abdomen. The patients may complain of persistent itching, jaundice or complications caused by the increased portal pressure. If the disease leads to liver cirrhosis, hepatomegaly is seen in most cases. In most cases, the patient only finds out about the fatty liver when a regular blood test (generally liver function tests) shows a problem. "Alanine aminotransferase" and "Aspartate aminotransferase" are the most important liver enzymes, and their increase of 1.5-2 times in the tests shows the involvement of liver with this disease. Due to the key role of lipid accumulation in NAFLD progression, inhibition of lipid accumulation is a major focus of anti-NAFLD drug development. A variety of anti-NAFLD agents are currently in preclinical development. Additionally, metformin, statins, and fibrates, are currently being tested as NAFLD treatments in clinical trials. This study aims to review medicinal herbs used to treat NAFLD around the world. The obtained results of the present review investigation demonstrated that 27 medicinal herbs were found that traditionally used to treat NAFLD around the world. The most parts of these plants are leaves, root, and flowers, respectively; whereas these medicinal herbs are most commonly used in countries of Asian and African such as Iran, Pakistan, India and South Africa, etc. The results demonstrated that medicinal herbs have universally used to treat NAFLD. Thus, we can consider them as alternative agents for treatment of NAFLD; nevertheless, more investigations are mandatory to elucidate the precise mechanisms and also toxicity of these plants in human subjects.

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“…We utilized the Toshiba 1.5T Excelart/Vantage with a 1.4 m magnet and a 65.6 aperture, and IHL measurements were performed in the middle right lobe [23] (Figure 2). The scans were localized to the same area of the liver using anatomical orientation of the hepatic blood flow and ribs, so that approximately the same area of liver was scanned during each testing session.…”

Section: Intrahepatic Lipidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Amino Acid Supplement Lowers Intrahepatic Lipid despite Excess Alcohol Consumption

Coker¹,

Ladd²,

Kim³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Excess alcohol consumption is a top risk factor for death and disability. Fatty liver will likely develop and the risk of liver disease increases. We have previously demonstrated that an essential amino acid supplement (EAAS) improved protein synthesis and reduced intrahepatic lipid in the elderly. The purpose of this study was to further evaluate the influence of EAAS on intrahepatic lipid (IHL), body composition, and blood lipids in individuals with mild to moderate alcohol use disorder (AUD). Following consent, determination of eligibility, and medical screening, 25 participants (18 males at 38±15 years/age and 7 females at 34±18 years/age) were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of two dosages: a low dose (LD: 8 grams of EAAS twice/day (BID)) or high dose (HD: 13 grams of EAAS BID). Both groups consumed the supplement for 4 weeks. Pre- and post-EAAS administration, IHL was determined using magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy, body composition was analyzed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and blood parameters were measured by LabCorp. T-tests were used for statistical analysis and considered significant at P<0.05. While there was no significant change in IHL in the LD group, there was a significant 23% reduction in IHL in the HD group (p=0.02). Fat mass, lean tissue mass, bone mineral content, and blood lipids were not altered. Post-EAAS phosphatidylethanol was elevated and remained unchanged in LD at 407±141 ng/ml and HD at 429±196 ng/ml, indicating chronic and excess alcohol consumption. Based on these results, we conclude that 13 grams of proprietary EAAS consumed BID lowers IHL in individuals with mild to moderate AUD.

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Dietary and Pharmacological Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Cited by 43 publications

References 74 publications

Essential Amino Acid Supplement Lowers Intrahepatic Lipid despite Excess Alcohol Consumption

Essential Amino Acid Supplement Lowers Intrahepatic Lipid despite Excess Alcohol Consumption

Toward Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Treatment; A Review on Herbal Medicine Treatment

Essential Amino Acid Supplement Lowers Intrahepatic Lipid despite Excess Alcohol Consumption

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