Dietary Antioxidants and Parkinson’s Disease

Park, Hana; Ellis, Amy

doi:10.3390/antiox9070570

Cited by 62 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 223 publications

(279 reference statements)

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“…The Mediterranean diet (MD) has numerous advantageous effects in preserving health, especially during aging or neurodegeneration [ 59 ]. Notably, many recent data highlight the importance of the phenols contained in EVOO to counteract the misfolding and toxicity of proteins, with particular attention to the mechanisms that lead to the initiation and progression of PD [ 60 , 61 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidant Activity of Hidrox® in Rotenone-Induced Parkinson’s Disease in Mice

et al. 2020

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Background: In developed countries, the extension of human life is increasingly accompanied by a progressive increase in neurodegenerative diseases, most of which do not yet have effective therapy but only symptomatic treatments. In recent years, plant polyphenols have aroused considerable interest in the scientific community. The mechanisms currently hypothesized for the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Hydroxytyrosol (HT), the main component of Hidrox® (HD), has been shown to have some of the highest free radical evacuation and anti-inflammatory activities. Here we wanted to study the role of HD on the neurobiological and behavioral alterations induced by rotenone. Methods: A study was conducted in which mice received HD (10 mg/kg, i.p.) concomitantly with rotenone (5 mg/kg, o.s.) for 28 days. Results: Locomotor activity, catalepsy, histological damage and several characteristic markers of the PD, such as the dopamine transporter (DAT) content, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and accumulation of α-synuclein, have been evaluated. Moreover, we observed the effects of HD on oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, apoptosis and inflammasomes. Taken together, the results obtained highlight HD’s ability to reduce the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the damage associated with it by counteracting the three main mechanisms of PD pathogenesis. Conclusion: HD is subject to fewer regulations than traditional drugs to improve patients’ brain health and could represent a promising nutraceutical choice to prevent PD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidant Activity of Hidrox® in Rotenone-Induced Parkinson’s Disease in Mice

et al. 2020

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“…The role of diet and polyphenols in PD has recently been reviewed by other research groups [ 90 , 91 , 92 ]. In terms of general diet, the Mediterranean Diet and Asian Diet have been shown to prevent a variety of pathologies associated with aging.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Neuroprotectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pathology of Parkinson’s Disease and Potential Benefit of Dietary Polyphenols

et al. 2020

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by a loss of dopaminergic neurons, leading to bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor at rest, and postural instability, as well as non-motor symptoms such as olfactory impairment, pain, autonomic dysfunction, impaired sleep, fatigue, and behavioral changes. The pathogenesis of PD is believed to involve oxidative stress, disruption to mitochondria, alterations to the protein α-synuclein, and neuroinflammatory processes. There is currently no cure for the disease. Polyphenols are secondary metabolites of plants, which have shown benefit in several experimental models of PD. Intake of polyphenols through diet is also associated with lower PD risk in humans. In this review, we provide an overview of the pathology of PD and the data supporting the potential neuroprotective capacity of increased polyphenols in the diet. Evidence suggests that the intake of dietary polyphenols may inhibit neurodegeneration and the progression of PD. Polyphenols appear to have a positive effect on the gut microbiome, which may decrease inflammation that contributes to the disease. Therefore, a diet rich in polyphenols may decrease the symptoms and increase quality of life in PD patients.

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“…Neurons have various defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. Some of the compounds that are part of this defense are thiol-reducing agents, among which are N-acetylcysteine α or β-mercaptoethanol [ 29 , 47 ], or antioxidant substances, such as vitamin C and E and melatonin [ 12 , 17 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. These antioxidants can prevent the alterations caused by oxidative stress, including the peroxidation of membrane lipids and oxidation of mitochondria and nuclear DNA [ 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Dependent Vulnerability to Oxidative Stress of Postnatal Rat Pyramidal Motor Cortex Neurons

et al. 2020

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Oxidative stress is one of the main proposed mechanisms involved in neuronal degeneration. To evaluate the consequences of oxidative stress on motor cortex pyramidal neurons during postnatal development, rats were classified into three groups: Newborn (P2–P7); infantile (P11–P15); and young adult (P20–P40). Oxidative stress was induced by 10 µM of cumene hydroperoxide (CH) application. In newborn rats, using the whole cell patch-clamp technique in brain slices, no significant modifications in membrane excitability were found. In infantile rats, the input resistance increased and rheobase decreased due to the blockage of GABAergic tonic conductance. Lipid peroxidation induced by CH resulted in a noticeable increase in protein-bound 4-hidroxynonenal in homogenates in only infantile and young adult rat slices. Interestingly, homogenates of newborn rat brain slices showed the highest capacity to respond to oxidative stress by dramatically increasing their glutathione and free thiol content. This increase correlated with a time-dependent increase in the glutathione reductase activity, suggesting a greater buffering capacity of newborn rats to resist oxidative stress. Furthermore, pre-treatment of the slices with glutathione monoethyl ester acted as a neuroprotector in pyramidal neurons of infantile rats. We conclude that during maturation, the vulnerability to oxidative stress in rat motor neurons increases with age.

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Dietary Antioxidants and Parkinson’s Disease

Cited by 62 publications

References 223 publications

Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidant Activity of Hidrox® in Rotenone-Induced Parkinson’s Disease in Mice

Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidant Activity of Hidrox® in Rotenone-Induced Parkinson’s Disease in Mice

The Pathology of Parkinson’s Disease and Potential Benefit of Dietary Polyphenols

Age-Dependent Vulnerability to Oxidative Stress of Postnatal Rat Pyramidal Motor Cortex Neurons

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