Dietary approaches for normalizing dysbiosis induced by high-fat, obesogenic diets

Djurić, Zora

doi:10.1097/mco.0000000000000917

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Attempts to prevent/attenuate negative impacts on metabolic health related to PPI-associated dysbiosis might involve curtailing the following: physician overprescribing, direct-to-consumer advertising, misdiagnosis, self-diagnosis, and treating symptoms rather than the cause(s) of acid reflux. Although data are limited, taking probiotics and eating prebiotic foods rich in antioxidants and dietary fiber appear to be beneficial ( 92 , 94 , 95 ). High fiber diet improves metabolic health and mood in T2DM patients ( 96 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for proton-pump inhibitor (PPI)-associated dysbiosis in metabolically unhealthy obesity

et al. 2023

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Obesity adversely impacts millions of American adults by predisposing them to significant health risks and further complications. Obesity is differentiated into two groups: metabolically healthy and metabolically unhealthy. In contrast to metabolically healthy counterparts, obese individuals who are metabolically unhealthy display hallmark symptoms of metabolic syndrome (e.g., hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity). Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) commonly occurs in all obese populations, as do poor dietary habits. Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), due to their wide availability, are most often used to treat GERD-related heartburn and other symptoms. Here, we review the evidence on how poor diet as well as short- and long-term use of PPIs adversely affect the gastrointestinal microbiota to cause dysbiosis. Key components of dysbiosis-induced metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) associated with PPI use include “leaky gut,” systemic low-grade inflammation, and reduced amounts of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate that promote metabolic health. The benefit of using probiotics to mitigate PPI-induced dysbiosis and MUO is also discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for proton-pump inhibitor (PPI)-associated dysbiosis in metabolically unhealthy obesity

et al. 2023

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“…It is widely recognized that a healthy diet plays a crucial role in the management of T2DM. Certain dietary components, such as fiber, polyphenols, and omega-3 fatty acids, have been shown to promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria and enhance metabolic health[ 51 ]. Therefore, combining gut-intervention therapies with personalized dietary recommendations may optimize treatment outcomes.…”

Section: The Future Of Gut-intervention Therapies For T2dmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut-targeted therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review

Xu,

Liu,

et al. 2024

World J Clin Cases

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. The global prevalence of T2DM has reached epidemic proportions, affecting approximately 463 million adults worldwide in 2019. Current treatments for T2DM include lifestyle modifications, oral antidiabetic agents, and insulin therapy. However, these therapies may carry side effects and fail to achieve optimal glycemic control in some patients. Therefore, there is a growing interest in the role of gut microbiota and more gut-targeted therapies in the management of T2DM. The gut microbiota, which refers to the community of microorganisms that inhabit the human gut, has been shown to play a crucial role in the regulation of glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Alterations in gut microbiota composition and diversity have been observed in T2DM patients, with a reduction in beneficial bacteria and an increase in pathogenic bacteria. This dysbiosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease by promoting inflammation and impairing gut barrier function. Several gut-targeted therapies have been developed to modulate the gut microbiota and improve glycemic control in T2DM. One potential approach is the use of probiotics, which are live microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts. Several randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that certain probiotics, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species, can improve glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in T2DM patients. Mechanisms may include the production of short-chain fatty acids, the improvement of gut barrier function, and the reduction of inflammation. Another gut-targeted therapy is fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which involves the transfer of fecal material from a healthy donor to a recipient. FMT has been used successfully in the treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection and is now being investigated as a potential therapy for T2DM. A recent randomized controlled trial showed that FMT from lean donors improved glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in T2DM patients with obesity. However, FMT carries potential risks, including transmission of infectious agents and alterations in the recipient's gut microbiota that may be undesirable. In addition to probiotics and FMT, other gut-targeted therapies are being investigated for the management of T2DM, such as prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics. Prebiotics are dietary fibers that promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, while synbiotics combine probiotics and prebiotics. Postbiotics refer to the metabolic products of probiotics that may have beneficial effects on the host. The NIH SPARC program, or the Stimulating Peripheral Activity to Relieve Conditions, is a research initiative aimed at developing new therapies for a variety of health conditions, including T2DM. The SPARC program focuses on using electrical stimulation to activate peripheral nerves and organs, in order to regulate glucose levels in the body. The goal of this approach is to develop targeted, non-invasive therapies that can help patients better manage their diabetes. One promising area of research within the SPARC program is the use of electrical stimulation to activate the vagus nerve, which plays an important role in regulating glucose metabolism. Studies have shown that vagus nerve stimulation can improve insulin sensitivity and lower blood glucose levels in patients with T2DM. Gut-targeted therapies, such as probiotics and FMT, have shown potential for improving glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in T2DM patients. However, further research is needed to determine the optimal dose, duration, and safety of these therapies.

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“…In addition to oral use of probiotics, other medicinal food and other dietary interventions have been considered for potential alteration of the gut microbiome and physiology. Diets high in fat and sugars alter the composition of the gut microbiome and increase gut inflammation [ 110 ]. However, while a high-fat diet significantly increased inflammation in NHPs, only modest alteration to the gut microbiome was observed [ 66 , 67 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From dysbiosis to defense: harnessing the gut microbiome in HIV/SIV therapy

Brenchley,

Serrano-Villar

2024

Microbiome

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Background Although the microbiota has been extensively associated with HIV pathogenesis, the majority of studies, particularly those using omics techniques, are largely correlative and serve primarily as a basis for hypothesis generation. Furthermore, most have focused on characterizing the taxonomic composition of the bacterial component, often overlooking other levels of the microbiome. The intricate mechanisms by which the microbiota influences immune responses to HIV are still poorly understood. Interventional studies on gut microbiota provide a powerful tool to test the hypothesis of whether we can harness the microbiota to improve health outcomes in people with HIV. Results Here, we review the multifaceted role of the gut microbiome in HIV/SIV disease progression and its potential as a therapeutic target. We explore the complex interplay between gut microbial dysbiosis and systemic inflammation, highlighting the potential for microbiome-based therapeutics to open new avenues in HIV management. These include exploring the efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and targeted dietary modifications. We also address the challenges inherent in this research area, such as the difficulty in inducing long-lasting microbiome alterations and the complexities of study designs, including variations in probiotic strains, donor selection for FMT, antibiotic conditioning regimens, and the hurdles in translating findings into clinical practice. Finally, we speculate on future directions for this rapidly evolving field, emphasizing the need for a more granular understanding of microbiome-immune interactions, the development of personalized microbiome-based therapies, and the application of novel technologies to identify potential therapeutic agents. Conclusions Our review underscores the importance of the gut microbiome in HIV/SIV disease and its potential as a target for innovative therapeutic strategies.

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Dietary approaches for normalizing dysbiosis induced by high-fat, obesogenic diets

Cited by 5 publications

References 53 publications

Evidence for proton-pump inhibitor (PPI)-associated dysbiosis in metabolically unhealthy obesity

Evidence for proton-pump inhibitor (PPI)-associated dysbiosis in metabolically unhealthy obesity

Gut-targeted therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review

From dysbiosis to defense: harnessing the gut microbiome in HIV/SIV therapy

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