Dietary arginine supplementation alleviates intestinal mucosal disruption induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in weaned pigs

Abstract

This study evaluated whether arginine (Arg) supplementation could attenuate gut injury induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge through an anti-inflammatory role in weaned pigs. Pigs were allotted to four treatments including: (1) non-challenged control; (2) LPS-challenged control; (3) LPS þ 0·5 % Arg; (4) LPS þ 1·0 % Arg. On day 16, pigs were injected with LPS or sterile saline. At 6 h postinjection, pigs were killed for evaluation of small intestinal morphology and intestinal gene expression. Within 48 h of challenge, 0·5 % Arg alleviated the weight loss induced by LPS challenge (P¼ 0·025). In all three intestinal segments, 0·5 or 1·0 % Arg mitigated intestinal morphology impairment (e.g. lower villus height and higher crypt depth) induced by LPS challenge (P, 0·05), and alleviated the decrease of crypt cell proliferation and the increase of villus cell apoptosis after LPS challenge (P,0·01). The 0·5 % Arg prevented the elevation of jejunal IL-6 mRNA abundance (P¼ 0·082), and jejunal (P¼0·030) and ileal (P¼ 0·039) TNF-a mRNA abundance induced by LPS challenge. The 1·0 % Arg alleviated the elevation of jejunal IL-6 mRNA abundance (P¼ 0·053) and jejunal TNF-a mRNA abundance (P¼ 0·003) induced by LPS challenge. The 0·5 % Arg increased PPARg mRNA abundance in all three intestinal segments (P, 0·10), and 1·0 % Arg increased duodenal PPARg mRNA abundance (P¼ 0·094). These results indicate that Arg supplementation has beneficial effects in alleviating gut mucosal injury induced by LPS challenge. Additionally, it is possible that the protective effects of Arg on the intestine are associated with decreasing the expression of intestinal proinflammatory cytokines through activating PPARg expression.

Lesiones en órganos de cerdos posdestete, inducidas por el lipopolisacárido de E. coli

“…La aparición de lesiones en estomago, hígado, intestino delgado, intestino grueso, riñones, bazo y pulmones en este trabajo, fue causado por la adición y posterior consumo de las diferentes concentraciones de LPS de E. coli en la dieta basal, ya que el LPS provoca una gran variedad de alteraciones morfológicas en el tracto gastrointestinal como edema, hemorragias y por último necrosis (20). Además, el LPS en altas concentraciones causa lesión tisular, coagulación vascular diseminada y shock séptico, llevando incluso a la muerte (21).…”

“…Algunos de los síntomas de infección aguda bacteriana causados por LPS son anorexia, hipersomnia y fiebre. Debido a lo anterior, los animales que consumieron cualquiera de las diferentes concentraciones de LPS presentaron los mayores aumentos en la temperatura corporal, lo que concuerda con los observado por Liu et al (20). Según Jiang et al (17) el aumento en la temperatura inducida por LPS, podría estar asociado a la producción de citoquinas proinflamatorias, específicamente TNF-α.…”

Impact of bioactive substances on the gastrointestinal tract and performance of weaned piglets: a review

“…Supplemental dietary arginine (or glutamine) has also been reported to reduce bacterial translocation and to decrease atrophy of intestinal villi in rats with obstructive jaundice (Zulfikaroglu et al, 2003). In weaned pigs challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), arginine supplementation (at 5 and 10 g/kg feed) in weaned pigs partly protected from changes in villous-crypt architecture, in crypt cell proliferation and villous cell apoptosis induced by LPS (Liu et al, 2008). Arginine supplementation to septic pigs restored the intestinal motility pattern and improved microcirculation and protein anabolism (Luiking et al, 2005).…”

<b>Suplementação dietética de levedura hidrolisada e seu efeito no desempenho, na microbiota intestinal e resposta imune dos leitões desmamados</b>

“…Apesar da alta concentração de β-GL e de MOS nas células de levedura e do fato da adição desses compostos nas dietas terem resultado em melhora no desempenho de leitões desmamados (LE-MIEUX et al, 2003;ROZEBOOM et al, 2005;LI et al, 2006;WANG et al, 2008;MENDES et al, 2010;VALPOTIC et al, 2016;TUOU et al, 2016) esse efeito pode ser considerado indireto, pois, a principal ação atribuída aos β-GL é de melhorar a resposta imune, (LI et al, 2005;ZHOU et al,2013) e aos MOS de exercerem ação seletiva sobre a microbiota intestinal (WHITE et al, 2002;HALAS e NOCHTA, 2012 Como indutor da resposta imune, o LPS tem sido utilizado em pesquisas com diversas espécies animais, dentre elas suínos (JOHNSON, 1997;LIU et al, 2008).…”

“…Após inoculação, ele induz sintomas de infecção bacteriana aguda nos leitões, com consequente depressão, anorexia e febre (KLASING e LESHCHINSKY, 2000;LIU et al, 2008). Também pode exacerbar a produção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias e produzir danos aos tecidos, com diminuição do tônus muscular e débito cardíaco que resulta em hipotensão e má perfusão tecidual e, portanto, em morte celular (MACHADO et al, 2004).…”