Dietary available phosphorus requirement for on-growing gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibeliovar. CAS III)

Abstract

A nine-week feeding experiment was conducted in flow-through system with gibel carp (43.8 ± 0.2 g) to study the effects of dietary available phosphorus (P) on growth, phosphorous digestibility and intestinal enzyme activities. Seven semipurified diets were formulated to contain 0.8 (the basal), 2.4, 3.6, 6.1, 7.4, 10.1 and 15.8 g available phosphorus kg −1 diet. The results showed that specific growth rate and feed efficiency increased with increasing dietary available P from 0.8 to 7.4 g P kg −1 . Fish body ash increased with increasing dietary available P, while moisture, protein content or energy content had no difference. Total phosphorus waste discharging (TPW) increased with increased dietary phosphorous. Plasma glucose was higher in the fish fed with 7.4 g kg −1 P. Plasma triglycerides was lower in fish fed diets containing 6.1-10.1 g kg −1 P. No significant effects were observed in plasma P and Ca (p > .05). The activities of intestinal amylase, lipase and trypsin showed no difference, while AKP and Na + , K + -ATPase activities decreased with increasing dietary available P. In conclusion, based on the regression between specific growth rate (SGR), P retention efficiency, feed efficiency (FE) and dietary available P, the available P requirements for on-growing gibel carp were 10.69, 8.22 and 6.72 g kg −1 , respectively. in many fish species. In order to acquire enough P, fish have to obtain from the diet because fresh water and sea water are low in P concentration (Boyd, 1971). Phosphorus concentrations in most commercial diets considerably exceed the estimated requirements (Rodehutscord & Pfeffer, 1995). Phosphorus is the first limiting factor for algal growth in fresh water, and the excess phosphorus excreted from cultured animals into water can stimulate eutrophication of water bodies and result in deteriorating water quality (Kim, Kim, Song, Lee, & Jeong, 1998). So it is essential to precisely determine the dietary P requirement in order to minimize excess P without risking P deficiency in cultured fish. K E Y W O R D SThere have been many studies regarding the P requirements for different fishes; the dietary phosphorus requirements for fish species have been reported to range from 3.0 to 15.0 g kg -1 of diet (NRC, 2011). But most studies were focusing on small fish and there is few detailed information about available phosphorus requirements for on-growing fish. Studies have been reported, 5.8 g kg -1 available P for juvenile catfish (Clarias leather) (Yu et al., 2013), 3.0 g kg -1for on-growing catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) (Eya & Lovell, 1997), no information on the available phosphorus requirement for on-growing gibel carp. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the dietary available phosphorus requirement for on-growing gibel carp and to investigate the effect of dietary P levels on growth performance, body composition, P bioaccumulation and the intestinal enzyme activities.| 1105 XIE et al. 9.5-10.0 g kg -1 available P for juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus fe...

Dietary available phosphorus requirement of crucian carp, Carassius auratus

“…The highest growth was observed in the D4 and D5 groups that received over 7.6 g/kg AP. This result was consistent with many previous results showing that reduced growth rate or feed utilization was the main deficiency signs of P (Borlongan & Satoh, ; Liang, Liu, Tian, Yang, & Liang, ; Luo, Tan, Liu, & Wang, ; Schamber et al., ; Shen et al., ; Wang et al., ; Xie et al., ; Yao et al., ; Ye et al., ). However, other researchers suggested that the growth of fish was not affected by different levels of dietary AP (Baeverfjord, Asgard, & Shearer, ; Chaimongkol & Boonyaratpalin, ; Fontagné et al., ).…”

“…Compared with other carps, the optimal AP of crucian carp was lower than that of gibel carp ( Carassius auratus gibelio var. CAS III) (10.7 g/kg) (Xie et al., ), similar to that of grass carp (8.6 g/kg) (Liang et al., ) and higher than that of common carp (5.5 g/kg) (Nwanna et al., ) and common carp (Jian) (5.2 g/kg) (Xie et al., ).…”

“…Crucian carp ( Carassius auratus ) is one of the most widely cultured fish in China (Chiu et al., ). Although many research studies on the P requirement of various kinds of cultured fish have been conducted (Deschamps, Poirier Stewart, Demanche, & Vandenberg, ; Nwanna, Kühlwein, & Schwarz, ; Prabhu, Schrama, & Kaushik, ; Shen et al., ; Wang et al., ; Xie et al., ), there are very few studies on the optimal available P (AP) requirement for this fish (Chen, Sun, Kong, Tang, & Gan, ). This study was aimed to evaluate the growth performance, body composition and blood chemistry of crucian carp under different dietary P levels in order to determine the dietary AP requirement of the fish.…”

Responses of hybrid sturgeon ( Huso dauricus ♀ × Acipenser schrenckii ♂ ) to oral administration of phosphorus

“…Therefore, to minimize eutrophication of waterbody, aquafeeds should meet the P requirement of fish and avoid excess P contents in the diet at the meantime (Jokinen, Vielma, Aaltonen, & Koskela, ; Musharraf & Khan, ). The studies about P requirement and utilization have been largely reported in many fish species, such as large yellow croaker ( Pseudosciaena crocea R. ) (Mai et al, ), rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) (Fontagné et al, ; Lellis, Barrows, & Hardy, ), juvenile black seabream ( Sparus macrocephalus ) (Shao et al, ), Africa catfish ( Heterobranchus bidorsalis ) (Nwanna, Adebayo, & Omitoyin, ), stinging catfish ( Heteropneustes fossilis ) (Zafar & Khan, ) and gibel carp ( Carassius auratus gibelio ) (Xie et al, , ), which, however, have rarely been studied in sturgeon.…”

“…and gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) (Xie et al, 2017(Xie et al, , 2018, which, however, have rarely been studied in sturgeon.…”